sameeksha

अनुवादक की कलम से

2010-05-16T19:57:00.000-07:00

¥ÁéüÙ àæ×æü

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Øð ¥ÙéßæÎ ×ðÚðU Â˜æ·¤æÚU ç×˜æ ¥×ÚUè·¤ ·¤ô ·¤ÚUÙð Íð ÂÚU ©Uââð ØãU ·¤æ× àæéM¤ ãUè ÙãUè´ ãUô ÂæØæ ¥õÚU ¥æç¹ÚU·¤æÚU ×éÛæð §â ·¤æ× ÂÚU Ü»æÙð ·¤è ÂýðÚU‡ææ Öè ¥×ÚUè·¤ ·¤è ãUè ÚUãUèÐ §â ·¤æ× ·¤ô ÂêÚUæ ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ ×ðÚðU ·é¤ÀU ç×˜æô´ Ùð ÕãéUÌ âæÍ çÎØæ çÁÙ×ð´ ×ÙôÁ ÙñÄØÚU, ¥àæô·¤ ·é¤×æÚU àæ×æü ß ·¤çÂÜ ¹‹Ùæ ·¤æ ×ñ´ çßàæðá M¤Â âð Ï‹ØßæÎè ãê¢UÐ

(साभार: साहित्य सिलसिला जन-मार्च 2010)

‘रामराज्य: सत्ता के ऊत्तर औपनिवेशिक विमर्श’

2010-05-16T19:51:00.000-07:00

Mk- jkds'k dqekj

“The disciplinary institutions secreted a machinery of control that functioned like a microscope of conduct; the fine, analytical divisions that they created formed around men an apparatus of observation, recording and training. How was one to subdivide the gaze in these observation machines? How was one to establish a network of communications between them? How was one so to arrange things that a homogeneous continuous power would result from their calculated multiplicity?” (‘Discipline & Punish, ‘Birth of the prison’, Page 173)

miU;kl ys[ku dh fn'kk eas fiNys nkSj esa dqNsd ,sls miU;kl lkeus vk, gSa ftUgksusa miU;kl dk ,d u;k 'kkL= jpk gSA lÙkk ds mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykus eas ^jke jkT;* ^dkSjo lHkk* tSlh jpukvksa us egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA fe=lsu ehr iatkch ds ,d pfpZr miU;kldkj gSaA ^jkejkT;* vkSj ^dkSjo lHkk* tSlh jpukvksa dk fg¡nh eas vuqokn ,oa izdk'ku bldk izek.k gS fd vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa miU;kl dh D;k fLFkfr gSa\ jkejkT; lÙkk ds mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykrk gS fd fdl izdkj vkt+knh ds ckn 'kkld oxZ usa ml iwathoknh U;k; O;oLFkk] dkuwu O;oLFkk] n.M O;oLFkk dks ykxw fd;kA r¶rh'k] ^iqfyl* dVSgjk] ^vnkyrsa] lq/kkj ?kj] tsy n.M O;oLFkk dk vkSifuosf'kd iwathoknh ekWMy fodflr fd;k x;kA fo'o fparu izfØ;k esa fe'kSy Qwdks us ekDlZ] uhR'ks dh enn ls tks mÙkj lajpukoknh ifjizs{; fodflr fd;k dh lÙkk ds foe'kZ fdl izdkj gekjh nsg vkSj lksp dks vuq'kkflr] vuqdwfyr] fu;af=r djrs gSaA fe'kSy Qwdks us viuh egÙoiw.kZ iqLrd 'Discipline & Punish, 'Birth of the prison' eas mu lÙkk foe'kksZa dks lkeus j[kk gS tks gekjh nsg dks mifuos'k cukrs gSaA fe'kSy Qwdks us iqfyl] lsuk] ikxy[kkuksa] U;k;] dkuwu tsy izca/kksa ds foe'kZ cukdj vuq'kklu dh ml jktuhfr dks mn?kkfVr~ fd;k gs fd lÙkk ds ;s laLFkku gesa dSls vkSj D;ksa vuq'kkflr] vuqdwfyr] fu;af=r djrs gSa\ jkejkT; esa mu lÙkk foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykrs gSa fd dkuwu dke dSls djrk gS\ lÙkk dk U;k; D;k gS\ ^lq/kkj ?kj* dSfn;ksa dh nsg dks dSls vyx vyx Lislksa esa ckaVrk gSa\ mUgsa dSls fu;af=r] vuq'kkflr vkSj vuqdwfyr djrk gSa\ dSnh dh nsg dks lq/kkj ?kj dk vuq'kklukRed fu;a=.k dSls fu;af=r djrk gS bls jkejkT; ds vafre pj.k lq/kkj ?kj eas lkQ lkQ ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ogka lq/kkj izfØ;k ds uke ij tks neu izfØ;k pyrh gS mldk dke gS dSnh dh nsg dks >qdkuk] nckuk vkSj vkKkdkj cukukA ;g lq/kkj izfØ;k uk gksdj vekuoh;dj.k dh izfØ;k gS tgka ls dSnh lq/kj dj ugha cfYd vkSj Hkh [krjukd vkSj fgald cudj fudyrs gSaA lq/kkj ?kj vijkf/k;ksa dks iSnk djuk okyk og dkj[kkuk gS tks cgqr cM+s Lrj ij vijkf/k;ksa dk mRiknu] iqu#Riknu dj jgk gSA Qwdks us bls 'Docile bodies' (Page 135) dgk tks fd vkKkdkj nsg dk gh ekWMy gSaA lÙkk ds ck;ksikoj dk fl)kar O;fä ds O;ogkj dks fu;af=r] vuq'kkflr djrk gSaA mldk lq/kkj djuk vFkkZr Bhd djukA vnkyrsa] iqfyl] tsysa lq/kkj ?kj D;k ^ck;ksikoj ds fl)kar* dk gh izfriknu ugha djrha\ lq/kkj ?kj esa lÙkk ^vYi HkkSfrd 'kkL=* rjhds ls lw{e fujh{k.k] fuxjkuh djrh gqbZ dSfn;ksa] vijkf/k;ksa ds O;ogkj dks igpkurh gqbZ] mUgsa vuq'kklukRed fu;a=.k esa ysrh gS] rkafd pksjksa] vijkf/k;ksa] xqaMksa] vkokjkvksa] fonzksfg;ksa dks ij[krh] fu;af=r djrh jgsA Qwdks us ck;ksikoj fl)kar esa Li"V fd;k gS fd lÙkk dk ck;ksikoj fl)kar Lo;a vijkf/k;ksa dks iSnk djrk gSA Qwdks ds vuqlkj bu rduhdksa ds c<+us ls gh vijk/k c<+s gSaA blhfy, lq/kkj ?kj vizklafxd ,oa fujFkZd fl) gq, gSaA

vkt+knh ds ckn 'kkld oxZ us dkuwu vkSj U;k; ds uke ij tks U;k; O;oLFkk [kM+h dh og iawthoknh U;k; iz.kkyh gh Fkh ftldk y{; ml mifuos'koknh fopkj/kkjk dk gh fodkl djuk FkkA Hkkjrh; 'kkld oxZ us ml iwathoknh U;k; O;oLFkk dh gh LFkkiuk dh] ftldk y{; turk ds fgrksa dh j{kk djuk u gksdj 'kkld oxZ] mPp oxZ oxZ ds oxhZ; fgrksa] vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk djuk jg x;k FkkA dkuwu dh /kkjkvksa dk vFkZ turk dk neu] 'kks"k.k vkSj fu;a=.k FkkA dkuwu O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, iqfyl] lsuk }kjk turk ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk u gksdj [kqys neura=] vuq'kklu ra= dks cuk, j[kuk FkkA vkt+knh ds ckn Hkkjr esa dkuwu vkSj U;k; ds uke iwathoknh dkuwu O;oLFkk] U;k; O;oLFkk [kM+h dh [kM+h dh xbZ ftldk y{; turk dks vuq'kkflr fu;af=r djuk FkkA iqfyl ra=] [kqfQ;k foHkkxksa] U;k; O;oLFkk ds laLFkkuksa] dksVZ dpfgj;ksa dks ns[kdj dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds ?kks"k.kk i= ds 'kCn lglk Le`fr esa dkSa/k tkrs gSa fd fdl izdkj iwathokn us gekjh U;k; iz.kkyh dks rksM+k &

^^iwathifr oxZ us] tgka ij Hkh mldk iyM+k Hkkjh gqvk] ogka lHkh lkearh] fir`lÙkkRed vkSj dkO;kRed laca/kksa dk var dj fn;kA mlus euq"; dks vius LokHkkfod cM+ksa ds lkFk cka/k j[kus okys ukuk izdkj ds lkearh laca/kksa dks fueZerk ls rksM+ Mkyk vkSj LokFkZ ds] udn iSls&dkSM+h ds ân;&'kwU; O;ogkj ds flok euq";ksa ds chp vkSj dksbZ nwljk laca/k ckdh ugha jgus fn;kA /kkfeZd J)k ds LoxksZie vkuankfrjsd dks] ohjksfpr mRlkg vkSj dwieaMwdrkiw.kZ Hkkodqrk dks mlus vkuk&ikbZ ds LokFkhZ fglkc&fdrkc ds cQhZys ikuh esa Mwck fn;k gSA euq"; ds oS;fDrd ewY; dks mlus fofue;&ewY; cuk fn;k gSA ftu is'kksa ds laca/k esa vc rd yksxksa ds eu esa vknj vkSj J)k dh Hkkouk Fkh] mu lcdk izHkk&eaMy iwathifr oxZ us Nhu fy;kA odhy] MkDVj] iqjksfgr] dfo vkSj oSKkfud lHkh dks mlus viuk osru&Hkksxh etnwj cuk fy;k gSA mRiknu&iz.kkyh esa fujarj ifjorZu] lHkh lkekftd voLFkkvksa eas yxkrkj mFky&iqFky] 'kk'or vfu'p;rk vkSj gypy& ;s pht+sa iawthoknh ;qx dks igys ds lHkh ;qxksa ls vyx djrh gSA**

fe=lsu ehr bls iawthoknh dkuwu O;oLFkk] U;k; O;oLFkk ds varfoZjks/kksa ls tksM+rs gSa fd gekjs dkuwu vkSj U;k; O;oLFkk esa brus cM+s Nsn gSa fd og vius euksjFkksa eas iwjh rjg ls vlQy gh gqbZ gSA dkuwu] U;k; vkSj n.M O;oLFkk dk dke ;kfu lÙkk lLFkkuksa dk dke flQZ lkekftd fu;a=.k] tdM+canh rd fleV dj jg x;k gSA fe=lsu ehr us vius miU;klksa esa lÙkk foe'kksZa] laLFkkuksa] ¼dkuwu] U;k; vkSj n.M½ dks ftl izdkj iz'ukafdr fd;k gS] muds u, foe'kZ cuk, gSa] iwathokn dk tks ^fØVhd* izLrqr fd;k gS] mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd lanHkksZa esa bldh ubZ ubZ i<+rsa laHko gSaA

ys[kd us viuh e/;oxhZ; Hkwfedk dks ftl izdkj lkgfldrk iwoZd fuHkk;k gS og miU;kl ys[ku dh fn'kk esa ,d cM+h miyfC/k gSaA miU;kl fo/kk esa e/; oxZ us bl izdkj dk tksf[ke Hkjk] lkgfldrk iwoZd dke ugha fd;kA njvly ;g oxZ vfHkO;fä dh vkt+knh dh ckrsa rks cgqr djrk gS] ysfdu mlds fy, fdlh izdkj dk dksbZ tksf[ke mBkus] lÙkk foe'kksZa dks mHkkjus ls drjkrk jgrk gSaA mlesa bruk uSfrd lkgl ugha fd og vijk/kh dks mlds okLrfod ukeksa ls lEcksf)r dj ldsA ;gka rks ys[kd us lÙkk laLFkkuksa dh tks rh[kh vkykspuk dh gS] og Hkh bruh csckd 'kSyh esa] ;gh bl miU;kl dh rkdr gSA tc ys[kdksa] cqf)thfo;ksa esa bl izdkj dk la?k"kZ cks/k] jpukRed bZekunkjh] uSfrd lkgl] ^dfeVeSaV* iSnk gksxh] rHkh miU;kl fo/kk esa og ÅtkZ] laosnuk ,oa iz[kjrk iSnk gks ldsxhA lÙkk vuq'kkluijd laLFkku ,d ,slh rduhdh e'khujh gSa tks iwjh rjg ls fu;af=r] vuq'kkflr ;kfu xqyke O;fä;ksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSaA tks muds O;ogkj] fØ;kdykiksa] xfrfof/k;ksa ij iwjh ut+j j[k ldsA ;g ,d ,slk neudkjh vuq'kklu ra= gS tks gekjs O;ogkj dks le>rk gSa] mls vius vuqdwy lq/kkj ?kj dk vuq'kklukRed fu;a=.k] mRihM+udkjh gSaA og nsg dks ^VkpZj* djrk gSaA Qwdks bls iwathokn dh ^vuq'kklukRed rduhd ekurs gSa tks lekt dks fu;af=r] vuq'kkflr] vuqdwfyr djrh gSA fe=lsu ehr jkejkT; esa lÙkk dh bl vuq'kklukRed rduhd dks iqfyl dh fgalk] neu dh fl)kafrdh] fopkj/kkjk }kjk lq/kkj ?kj esa gksus okys dSfn;ksa ds izfr vekuoh;] fgald O;ogkj dks ckj ckj lkeus ykrs gSa fd ogka fdl izdkj lÙkk dk vuq'kklu] neura= fu;a=.k dke djrk gSa\ dSnh fdl izdkj vekuoh;dj.k] mRihM+u ds f'kdkj gSa\ lq/kkj ?kj fofHkUu Lislksa esa caVk gSa ^^gj tsy dk dejk vdsyk {ks= gS tgka dSnh ¼euq";½ vdsyk gh vfHkusrk gSaA ogk lw{e i;Zos{k.k pyrk gSaA i;Zos{k.k dh lÙkk cjkcj pyrh gSA rFkk vxkspj gSA vki pkgs dSnh dks ns[ksa] i;Zos{k.k djsa] pkgs ?kj esa iRuh dks fu;af=r djks] ;k Ldwyh cPpksa dksA izR;sd fu;a=.k blh tsy i)fr iSuksIVhdksu ij pyrk gS**A ¼ogha i`0 203½ Qwdks dh gh rjg fe=lsu ehr lq/kkj ?kj dh LFkkiR; dyk dk ,slk :id cukrs gSa fd os Hkkjrh; lq/kkj ?kjksa esa vekuoh;dj.k dh izfØ;k dks igpkuus esa dkQh lQy gq, gSaA blds dsUnz esa iqfyl ra= gSaA vuq'kklu] fu;a=.k] Hk; iSnk djus okyk lÙkk laLFkku tks lq/kkj ?kj u gksdj vijkf/k;ksa dks iSnk djus okyk] mudk mRiknu] iqu#Riknu djus okyk m|ksx cu pqdk gSA dSfn;ksa ds O;ogkj dks lq/kkjus dh txg mudk vekuoh;dj.k] ijk;hdj.k djus okyk iawthoknh lÙkk ra=A blhfy, ehr lq/kkj ?kj dks fujarj iz'ukafdr djrs gSaA ;fn Qwdks ds mÙkj lajpukoknh] vUrikZBh; ifjizs{; ls bu miU;klksa dks i<+k tk, rks gekjs lkeus buds Hkhrj fNis ikBksa dh ubZa ubZa i<+rsa] O;k[;k,a lkeus vkrh gSaA uo bfrgkloknh vkykspuk n`f"V;ksa] vran`Zf"V;ksa us ,sls ikBksa dh uohu i<+rksa ds ekxZ iz'kLr fd, gSaA jke jkT;] dkSjo lHkk ,sls gh miU;kl gSa ftUgas mÙkj vk/kqfud foe'kksZa esa i<+k tk ldrk gSA

fe=lsu ehr dk ;g miU;kl mÙkj vk/kqfud foe'kksZa esa dSls i<+k tk ldrk gSa] bldh uohu i<+rsa dSls laHko gSa\ r¶rh'k ¼iqfyl½] dVSgjk ¼vnkyrsa½] lq/kkj ?kj ¼n.M O;oLFkk½ bl dM+h eas ys[kd us lÙkk laLFkkuksa dh Hkhrjh lPpkb;ksa dks ftl izdkj mHkkjk gSa og dksbZ de egÙoiw.kZ ugha gSA fe'kSy Qwdks dh rjg os Hkh lÙkk laLFkkuksa ds foe'kZ cukrs gSa fd dkuwu dSls euq"; dh nsg dks fu;af=r djrk gS\ fe'kSy Qwdks us fn[kk;k fd dkuwu] U;k;] vuq'kklura=] iqfyl] lq/kkj ?kj euq"; dh nsg dks cka/krs gSa] fu;af=r djrs gSaA vkKkdkj cukrs gSaA mRihM+udkjh vkSt+kj gSa] lÙkk dh vuq'kklukRed jktuhfr dsA dSnh dh nsg iz;ksx'kkyk gSA iqfyl] dkuwu] vnkyrsa] ikxy[kkus] euksjksx vLirky ,oa lq/kkj ?kj euq"; dh nsg dks vuq'kkflr] vuqdwfyr] fu;af=r] mRihfM+r djus dh [krjukd VSDuksykWth gSaA Qwdks ds vuqlkj "The Panopticon was also a laboratory; it could be used as a machine to carry out experiments, to alter behaviour, to train or correct individuals. To experiment with medicines and monitor their effects. To try out different punishments on prisoners, according to their crimes and character, and to seek the most effective ones. To teach different techniques simultaneously to the workers, to divide which is the best. To try out pedagogical experiments - and in particular to take up once again the well-debated problem of secluded education, by using orphans." ('Discipline & Punish, 'Birth of the prison', Page 203-204) iawthokn us pwafd ^bDukfedy* lLrs rjhds ls de [kphZyh O;oLFkk }kjk geas fu;af=r djuk Fkk] blds fy, mlus de [kphZyh VSDuksykWth fodflr dh xbZ ftlls og ge ij fuxjkuh xqIr dSejs }kjk djrh gSA lq/kkj ?kj dh okLrqdyk ml de [kphZyh fuxjkuh dh lcls [krjukd VSDuksykWth gSA tgka dSnh viuh fuxjkuh [kqn djrk gSA og viuk fuxjku ,oa fujh{kd Lo;a gSaA mlus dc D;k djuk gSa] D;k ugha djuk] mldk mBuk cSBuk] lksuk] dke djuk lc dqN r; gSA cSaFke dk ^iSuvkfIVd fizalhiy* lq/kkj ?kj eas cjkcj pyrk gSaA

fe=lsu ehr us bl miU;kl ds ek/;e ls jktlÙkk ds rhu egÙoiw.kZ laLFkkuksa iqfyl] dVSgjk ,oa lq/kkj ?kj dh mu reke folaxfr;ksa] fod`fr;ksa dks cgqr gh xgjs ;FkkFkZ cks/k ds Lrj ij mHkkjk gS fd fdl izdkj yksdra= vkSj U;k; ds uke ij bl ns'k dh turk dk mRihM+u gqvk gS mUgas muds vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr j[kk x;k gSA jktlÙkk ds izrhd fpUg ekuoh; nsg vkSj lksp dks mifuos'k] xqyke cukus okys vkSt+kj Instruments gh rks gSa ftls fe'kSy Qwdks us ^lÙkk dk vYiHkkSfrd'kkL=* "Micro physics of power" vkKkdkj nsg dk ekWMy ¼fMflIyu ,.M ifu'k] Qwdks ¼i`0 26½ dgk gSA ehr ds miU;klksa esa VSDlV ds Hkhrj pyus okyh varikZBh;rk bruh l'kDr gS fd ys[kd ds ikB esa u;s u;s ikB cuus yxrs gSaA mudh ubZ i<+ras lkeus vkrh gSaA os lÙkk ds neudkjh vuq'kklu] dkuwu] U;k;] n.M dh jktfufr dks lkeus ykrs gSa fd lÙkk dc gjdr esa vkrh gSa] dSls gjdr esa vkrh gSa] D;ksa gjdr esa vkrh gSa vkSj bu laLFkkuksa ¼r¶rh'k] iqfyl] U;k; vnkyrsa] n.M O;oLFkk] lq/kkj ?kj½ esa dSfn;ksa ds lkFk fdl izdkj HksnHkko pyrk gSa\ Bsdsnkj tSu iwath dh rkdr ls MkDVj] iqfyl] eqa'kh] tsy izca/kd] usrk lHkh dks dSls [kjhnrk gSA ;g iwath dk [ksy gSaaA ogka og iap flrkjk lqfo/kk,a ikrk gSA dktw] cknke] nk:] eqxkZ] ukSdj] ekfy'k lc dqN ogka ekStwn gS] D;ksafd laLFkkuksa eas lÙkk gSaA blfy, HksnHkko dh iwjh laHkkouk,a gSaA lÙkk rHkh gjdr esa vkrh gSa tc lkekftd laLFkk,a] ekuokf/kdkj laxBu] ncko lewg lÙkk ij ncko Mkyrs gSa] ncko lewgksa dh Hkwfedk dk iz'u Hkh bl miU;kl --- esa cjkcj pyrk gSaA ;g gS nsg dh eqfä dk ekuooknh foe'kZA jkejkT; esa iz'u nj iz'u dk flyflyk pyrk gS lÙkk foe'kksZa] lÙkk vuq'kklu dh jktuhfr] mldh fopkj/kkjk lkeus vkrh gS fd lÙkk bu laLFkkuksa eas dke dSls djrh gSa\ og nsg dks fu;af=r D;ksa djrh gS\ vuq'kklu iSnk djus ds fy,\ fonzksfg;ksa] Økafrdkjh vkanksyuksa dks dqpyus ds fy,\ vijk/k ra= ij dkcw ikus ds fy,\ 'kkafr] veu] U;k;] tu lqj{kk ds fy,\ nksf"k;ksa] vijkf/k;ksa ij vadq'k yxkus ds fy,\ gekjh nsg vkSj psruk dks xqyke] ijra= cukus ds fy,\ bu reke iz'uksa dk lEcU/k lÙkk foe'kksZa dh jktuhfr ls gS lÙkk ds mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd pfj= dks igpkuus ds fy, Hkh rFkk fe=lsu ehr dh vkSiU;kfld psruk dks le>us ds fy, HkhA

vkt+knh ds ckn Hkkjrh; oxZ us vaxzstksa dh ml mifuos'koknh fopkj/kkjk dks viuk;k rFkk ml neura= ij vk/kkfjr bu rhuksa laLFkkuksa dh rdukSfyth dks gh vkxs c<+k;kA ogh C;wjksØslhA e/;oxZ dk Hkz"V pfj=A mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd fnyksfnekx! iqfyl ra=] odhy] ckcw] eqa'kh] lÙkk ds izrhd U;k;/kh'k! ogha n.M O;oLFkk! vkt+knh ds ckn Hkkjr eas tks iz'kklfud yksdrkaf=d

miU;kl'kkL= vkykspuk esa fQygky gekjs ikl bl rjg dh d`fr;ksa dh laosnuk vkSj foe'kksZa dks le>us dh varnZ`f"V;ka ugha gSaA gkykafd vijk/k 'kkL= dks ysdj ehfM;k cgqr lfØ; gS] ysfdu og vijk/k'kkL= dh lrg rd Hkh ugha tk ldk gSaA ys[kd fe=lsu ehr ,d csgn laosnu'kkhy cqf)thoh] dkuwu fo'ks"kK gSaA bl iawthoknh [kkSQukd nqfu;k dh ,d ,d ijr dks le>rs gSa] [kksyrs gSa vkSj muds ihNs dke djus okyh lÙkk] ds fl)kar ^ck;ksikoj* dks Hkh igpkurs gSaA igyh ckj fdlh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk esa bl rjg dk O;kid] l'kä dke lkeus vk;k gSa] ysfdu vkykspuk'kkL= dh deh ds dkj.k ,slh ngdrh d`fr;ksa ds eeZ ,oa laosnuk dks vHkh lgh

laLFkku vkSj lÙkk foe'kZ

vkt+knh ds ckn iawthoknh lEcU/kksa ds fodkl us gekjh ikjEifjd uSfrd /kkjukvksa] thuo ewY;ksa] vkn'kksZa] lEcU/kksa] dk;Z'kSyh dks rksM+ fn;kA ekuoh; ewY; [kafMr gks x,A iqjkuk e/; oxZ ftu vkn'kksZa&uSfrd ewY;ksa] fla)krksa] izfrc)rk dk izrhd FkkA iawthoknh mRiknu lEcU/kksa us lcdk var dj fn;kA e/; oxZ dh lksp esa uSfrd fxjkoV vkbZA MkDVj odhy] dfo] v/;kid fpard nk'kZfud U;k;/kh'k ml iwathoknh U;k; O;oLFkk] lekt O;oLFkk ds vax cu x,A iwathokn us tks mFky iqFky] rksM+ QksM+ dh] turk dh lqj{kk ds uke ij iqfyl dk dgj] neura= rks ge gj fnu eglwl dj gh jgs gSaA iawthoknh U;k; O;oLFkk dk ,d gh dke jg x;k turk dk neu mRihM+u vkSj ywVikV dh laLd`frA U;k; O;oLFkk Hkz"V dSls gksrh gS] uhps ls Åij rd ogka Hkksyh Hkkyh vf'kf{kr turk dks dSls ywVk ihVk tkrk gS jkejkT; esa budh vkgVksa] xwatksa dks lkQ lkQ lquk tk ldrk gSA 'kkld oxZ us tks dkuwu O;oLFkk] U;k; O;oLFkk [kM+h dh mlus iwjs ds iwjs e/; oxZ dh psruk esa tks tcnZLr uSfrd iru] ekuoh; fxjkoV iSnk dh mlds izrhd gSa odhy] ljdkjh odhy] ckcw] iqfyl] eqa'kh] vf/kdkjh] ukSdj'kkg vkSj U;k;/kh'k! U;k; ds eafnj vU;k; QSyk jgs gSaA lqj{kk ra= lekt esa Hk;] ng'kr vkrad iSnk dj jgs gSaA dkuwu ds j[kokys dkuwu O;oLFkk dh /kfTt;ka mM+k jgs gSaA

fe=lsu ehr jkejkT; ds ek/;e ls U;k;O;oLFkk] r¶rh'k ¼baDok;jh½] U;k; ¼dVSgjk½ vkSj n.M ¼lq/kkj ?kj½ dks izz'ukafdr djrs gSaA bu laLFkkuksa

dks iz'ukafdr djrs gSaA budh Lok;Ùkrk ij iz'u mBkrs gSaA ml iwjs Hkz"V vekuh; lÙkk ra= ¼iwathokn½ dks csudkc djrs gSaA vkt+knh ds ckn 'kkld oxZ dh fopkj/kkjk ;gh jgh gSaA mlesa dqN Hkh cnyko ugha vk;kA xka/kh us ftl jkejkT; dk liuk] vkn'kZ dY;k.kdkjh jktlÙkk dk liuk latks;k Fkk] og neura= esa cny x;kA ogh iqfyl] ogh Øwjrk] ogh neu] 'kks"k.k mRihM+u ds rkSj rjhds] ¼r¶rh'k½ ogh dkys dkuwu] dkuwunku] odhy] eqa'kh] vnZyh] ckcw] U;k;/kh'k ¼dVSgjk½ ogh n.M izfØ;k] nsg dks ?kk;y djuk] nsg dks Lislksa esa ckaVuk] vijk/kksa dks ikfjHkkf"kr] dksM djuk] nsg dks dqpyuk] nsg dk neu] vijk/kksa dk oxhZdj.k! fe'kSy Qwdksa ds vuqlkj& "Bentham's Panopticon is the architectural figure of this composition. We know the principle on which it was based: at the periphery, an annular building; at the centre, a tower; this tower is pierced with wide windows that open onto the inner side of the ring; the peripheric building is divided into cells, each of which extend the whole width of the building; they have two windows, one on the inside, corresponding to the windows of the tower; the other, on the outside, allows the light to cross the cell from one end to the other. All that is needed, then, is to place a supervisor in a central tower and to shut up in each cell a madman, a patient, a condemned man, a worker or a schoolboy. By the effect of backlighting, one can observe from the tower, standing out precisely against the light, the small captive shadows in the cells of the periphery. They are like so many cages, so many small theatres, in which each actor is alone, perfectly individualized and constantly visible. The panoptic mechanism arranges spatial unities that make it possible to see constantly and to recognize immediately." ('Discipline & Punish, 'Birth of the prison', Page 200) nsg dks >qdkukA vkKkdkj cukukA lq/kkj ?kj esa lÙkk ds mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd :iksa dks lkQ lkQ i<+k tk ldrk gSaA fnyksfnekx ls ogh mRihM+udkjh pfj=A ogh neu! ogh Øwjrk! ogh >wBs izek.k] >wBs ,sohMSal ¼izek.k½! ogh >wBh r¶rh'k] baDok;jh! ,xt+kfeus'ku! vkCtosZ'kul! fujh{k.k] neu dh iz;ksx'kkyk! ehr th us bu rhuksa laLFkkuksa dks neu dh mRihM+udkjh iz;ksx'kkyk ds :i eas mHkkjk gSaA r¶rh'k esa >wBs nLrkost] nLrkostksa ds lkFk NsM+NkM+] vijkf/k;ksa dks laj{k.k nsus ds iqfyl ds rkSj rjhdsA Hkz"Vkpkj dk uaxk :i gS iqfyl ra=A vkt+knh ds ckn dk mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd fodkl tks yksdra= ds uke ij neu dh fl)kafrdh dk gh izrhd gS] tgka csdlwj O;fä eqtfje cuk fn;k tkrk gSaA iqfyl dh r¶rh'k izfØ;k ,slk [krjukd [ksy [ksyrh gSa fd ehrk vkSj ikyk iqfyl cuke neura= dh HksaV p<+ tkrs gSaA tgka iqfyl vlyh vijk/kh rd u igqap dj ekewyh ls xSjdkuwuh dk;ksZa esa lafyIr jgus okys xjhc ehrs vkSj ikyk dks cfy dk cdjk cuk nsrs gSaA ;g gS iqfyl foHkkx] [kqfQ;k ra= dh r¶rh'k dk vlyh psgjk! jkejkT; dk izFke pj.k ^r¶rh'k* gSA ftlesa eklwe cPps caVh dk vijg.k dj mldh jgL;kRed fLFkfr;ksa esa gR;k dj nh tkrh gSaA izfr"Br ifjokj ls lEcU/k gksus ds dkj.k] lkekftd ncko ¼^izS'kj xzqi*½ ds pyrs igys rks iqfyl dsl ntZ djus esa vukdkuh djrh gqbZ viuh lkQ lqFkjh Nfo cukuk pkgrh gS] ysfdu lkekftd laxBuksa ds ¼izS'kj xzqIl½ ncko ds pyrs lÙkk ds izca/k] iz'kklu] vuq'kklu U;k; O;oLFkk ij tc iz'u fpUg mBus 'kq: gksrs gSa rks iqfyl dh Nn~e ^r¶rh'k* gjdr eas vkrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA lÙkk ij tc ncko c<+rk gS ¼lkekftd dk;ZdrkZvksa ds ncko lewg ds dkj.k½ tks eq[;ea=h dh uhan mM+k nsrk gSaA ys[kd us ;gka lkekftd ncko lewgksa dh Hkwfedk ij jkS'kuh Mkyh gS fd tc lkekftd ncko lewg Økafrdkjh laxBu] lfØ; gksrs gSa] jktlÙkk ij ncko c<+rk gS] rHkh dqaHkd.khZ uhan eas lks;k iqfyl ra= gjdr eas vkrk gS] ysfdu fdl :i eas\ blh Nn~e r¶rh'k izfØ;k dks ys[kd us cgqr gh ;FkkFkZoknh 'kSyh esa izdV fd;k gSaA vc iqfyl ra=] ^r¶rh'k* us viuh Hkwfedk dks lkeus ykuk gSA vijk/kh rd igqapuk gSA iz'u mBrk gSa fd D;k og vlyh vijk/kh rd igqap ikrh gSa\ ;g ,d cgqr cM+k iz'ufpUg gS iqfyl foHkkxksa dh Hkwfedk ij fd ogka ^r¶rh'k* dh izfØ;k dSlh gS\ og dSls dke djrh gSa\ vijk/k txr ij fu;a=.k j[kus okyh laLFkk Lo;a vijkf/k;ksa dks laj{k.k nsrh gSA u, vijkf/k;ksa dks iSnk djus esa viuh fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA vkf[kj D;ksa vijk/k ra= dk xzkQ fujarj c<+ jgk gS\ fe=lsu ehr r¶rh'k esa bu iz'uksa dks mBkrs gSa fd iatkc esa vkradokn ds nkSj esa fdl izdkj iqfyl us in iqjLdkj ,oa mUufr ikus ds fy, fdl izdkj >wBs dsl cuk,A iqyhl dh r¶rh'k izfØ;k gh nks"kiw.kZ] vU;k;iw.kZ] neudkjh] mRihM+udkjh] vijkf/k;ksa dks c<+kok ,oa laj{k.k nsus okyh gSA fe=lsu ehr bl miU;kl eas ckj ckj bu iz'uksa ls Vdjkrs] tw>rs utj vkrs gSaA caVh dh gR;k] vigj.k rks ek= bl miU;kl dh dFkk dk ,d lw= gSA rhuks miU;kl bl dFkk dk ,d egko`Ùkkar cukrs gSaA rhu pj.kksa esa ;g miU;kl ,d egko`Ùkkar cukrk gSaA lÙkk ;kfu LVsV ds tu fojks/kh] mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykrk gSA jktlÙkk dh neudkjh VSDukykWth dks lkeus ykrk gSA bu foe'kksZa ds dsUnz esa lÙkk gSA lÙkk ds mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd foe'kksZa dks lq/kkj ?kj esa loZ= i<+k tk ldrk gSA dSnh dh ^^nsg neu dh iz;ksx'kkyk gSaA lq/kkj ?kj dh lq/kkj izfØ;k dk dke bl nsg dks fu;af=r xqyke cukuk gSaA >qdkuk gSA ^gkde flag* dSnh bldk lk{kkr izek.k gSaA ;g nsg vkSj psruk dks daVªksy djus okyh lÙkk dh neudkjh VSDukykWth gSaA

^r¶rh'k* esa ys[kd us iqfyl dh ml ^r¶rh'k* izfØ;k dks lkeus j[kk gS fd og dke dSls djrh gS\ ml r¶rh'k izfØ;k ds D;k varfoZjks/k gSa\ ogka fdl izdkj Ny] diV Nn~e dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gS\ fdl izdkj felyksa] nLrkostksa] lcwrksa ls NsM+NkM+ dh tkrh gS\ >wBs xokg [kM+s fd, tkrs gSa\ dsl dks bruk etcwr cuk dj is'k fd;k tkrk gS fd odhy vkSj U;k;/kh'k HkkSpDds jg tkrs gSaA bl dke dks vatke nsus ds fy, ,sls [krjukd fnekx gSa tks iSls vkSj mUufr dh Hkw[k ds dkj.k csdlwj yksxksa dks vijk/kh cukusa eas enn djrs gSaA ;g vijkf/k;ksa dks iSnk djus okyk m|ksx gSA lÙkk laLFkkuksa ds ;s m|ksx vijkf/k;ksa dk cM+s Lrj ij mRiknu iqu#Riknu dj jgs gSaA et+ky gS mudh yisV ls dksbZ cp fudys! iqfyl ra= vkt viuh jk"VªO;kih Nfo [kks pqdk gSA mldk pfj= mRihM+udkjh gSaA tc iqfyl ij ncko iM+rk gS rks og [kqn dks funksZ"k fl) djus ds fy,] viuh lrdZrk fl) djus ds fy, ,s<+h pksVh dk tksj yxkrh gSA vlyh vijk/kh u feyus ij mls fNikus laj{k.k nsus ds fy, mlds ikl NksVs eksVs vijkf/k;ksa dk cM+k ckt+kj gSA vijkf/k;ksa dh e.Mh gSA ftl ij pkgks lkjs xqukgksa] vijk/kksa] ikiksa dk ?kM+k QksM+ nks! ,slh fLFkfr esa ehrk vkSj ikyk tSls NksVs vijkf/k;ksa dh etcwfj;ksa dk ykHk mBkuk] mUgsa Mjk /kedk] >wBs vkÜoklu nsdj vijk/k ds dV?kjs eas [kM+k dj] mu csxqukg yksxksa ds eq¡g ls tcnZLrh mxyokdj viuh Nfo dks cpk fy;k tkrk gSA iqfyl Hkh tkurh gS fd ;s xjhc yksx dkuwu dk lgkjk Hkh ugha ys ldrsA odhy ugha dj ldrsA eqdnek ugha yM+ ldrsA ,sls yksxksa dks neu dk f'kdkj cukrh gS iqfyl! r¶rh'k miU;kl eas ehrk vkSj ikyk ds lkFk ;gh dqN gksrk gSA yksx tkurs gSa ehrk vkSj ikyk gR;kjs ugha gSaA vlyh vijk/kh ij inkZ Mkyk tk jgk gS] ysfdu iqfyl dh pkykfd;ka] eDdkfj;ka bruh [krjukd gSa fd ogka U;k; ehrk vkSj ikyk ds f[kykQ tkrk gSaA ehrk vkSj ikyk rks egt+ nks pfj= gSa] uke gSaA vkt Hkh bl ns'k esa gt+kjksa csdlwj yksx iqfyl] U;k; ra= dh r¶rh'k dh ftl izdkj /kfTt;ka mM+kbZ gSa] mudh vekuoh;rk dks lkeus j[kk gS] mlls iqfyl ra= lqj{kk ra=] iz'kklu ra= dh uSfrdrk ij vusdksa iJ mBs gSaA 'kkld oxZ dh lcls [krjukd bdkbZ gS iqfyl] ftldh izklafxdrk ij iwjh nqfu;ka esa iz'u mBus yxs gSaA ehr th us lÙkk laLFkkuksa dh laosnughurk] Øwjrk dks csckd vfHkO;fä iznku dh gSA

^r¶rh'k* miU;kl eas ys[kd us vkt+knh ds ckn vaxzsth lkezkT;okn mifuos'kokn ls izkIr ml iqfyl vf/kd egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gSaA iqfyl turk dh lqj{kk ds fy, ugha] iz'kklu ra= dh lqj{kk ds fy, dke djrh gSA og mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa jktusrkvksa dh lqj{kk O;oLFkk djrh gSA fonzksgksa dks nckrh gSA mUgsa vuq'kkflr] fu;af=r] vuqdwfyr djus ds fy, Hk; [kkSQ iSnk djrh gSA mlds dke djus dk rkSj rjhdk ogh vkSifuosf'kd gSSA

fe=lsu ehr us iwathoknh U;k; O;oLFkk dh vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ dM+h iqfyl ^r¶rh'k* izfØ;k dks uaxk fd;k gSaA U;k; iz.kkyh dh tM+sa iqfyl esa gSaA iqfyl dh r¶rh'k ij gh dkuwu vkSj ttksa ds fu.kZ;] r; gksrs gSaA tc ^r¶rh'k dh izfØ;k gh nks"kiw.kZ] vlaxr gS rks vnkyrksa ds fu.kZ; Hkh nks"kiw.kZ ghs gksaxs\ vnkyrksa eas ^r¶rh'k* ftl izdkj] ftu iM+koksa ls gksdj] xqtjdkj igqaprh gS U;k;y;ksa ds fu.kZ; Hkh mlh izdkj fu/kkZfjr gksrs gSaA og r¶rh'k miU;kl eas ehrk vkSj ikyk dks vijk/kh cukus dh r¶rh'k izfØ;k gks vFkok ^dkSjo lHkk* eas iSls ds cycwrs pyus okyh izfØ;k] ys[kd us iwjh dh iwjh O;oLFkk ds vekuoh;d`r psgjs dks m?kkM+k gSA iqfyl ra= ¼lÙkk ra=½ dh r¶rh'k dslksa dks dSls dSls cnyrh gSa] lcwrksa] xokgksa] nLrkostksa izek.kksa dk fod`rhdj.k djrh gSa] muls NsM+NkM+ djds] csdlwj O;fä ^ehrk vkSj ikyk* dks eqtfje cuk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj vlyh vijk/kh ij inkZ Mky fn;k tkrk gSA iqfyl dh pkykfd;ka] Nn~erk,sa] Øwjrk,as U;k; O;oLFkk dks izHkkfor djrh gSaA iqfyl U;k; iz.kkyh dk gh vax gSaA bls mlls vyx djds ugha ns[kk tk ldrkA iqfyl foHkkx dslksa ds lkFk dSls f[kyokM+ djrs gSa] ftlds ikl iSlk gS] jktuSfrd rkdr gS] in izfr"Bk gS] dkuwu mudk gSA iqfyl foHkkxksa dk Hkz"Vkpkj loZfofnr gS fd iqfyl dSls dslksa nLrkostksa dks cnyrh gSa] ekewyh ls flikgh eqa'kh ls mPp iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa] jktusrkvksa dk ncko ^r¶rh'k* vkSj dkSjo lHkk eas lkQ lkQ i<+k tk ldrk gSaA U;k;/kh'k ds lkeus ftl izdkj dsl dks iwjh pkykdh vkSj Øwjrk ls rS;kj djus is'k fd;k tkrk gS ogka fu.kkZ;d dk fu.kZ; Hkh vizHkkfor gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA ;gha dkj.k gSa fd vnkyrksa ds fu.kZ; gRizHk dj nsus okys gSaA fe=lsu ehr us ^r¶rh'k* esa iqfyl ra= dh lewph r¶rh'k izfØ;k ij loky mBk, gSaA iqfyl lÙkk ds b'kkjksa ij dke djrh gSaA og lÙkk dh lg;ksxh 'kfä gSA ^r¶rh'k* miU;kl eas ys[kd us ekewyh ls flikgh ls mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa] Mh- vkbZ- th- rd ds psgjksa dks mHkkjk gSa fd dSls ogka lÙkk dke djrh gSa\ iqfyl vf/kdkjh lÙkk ^LVsV* ds cQknkj gSaA mu esas ekuoh;rk dke ugha djrhA lÙkk ds bl [kkSQukd ra= dks bruh csckdh] fuHkhZdrk] lkgl ds lkFk Qklhoknh rkdrksa dks muds lgh ukeksa lh iqdkjuk] mudk ^fØVhd* cukuk vkSj lÙkk ra= ds f[kykQ eqag [kksyuk fdruk lkgliw.kZ dke gks ldrk gSa] bls jke jkT;] eas ns[kk tk ldrk gSA jktlÙkk ^r¶rh'k*] ^dVSgjk*] ^lq/kkj ?kj* esa ftl izdkj gLr{ksi djrh gSa blls bl vk/kqfud U;k; iz.kkyh ds ,d ,d varfoZjks/k dks lkeus j[kk gSA ys[kd dk lh/kk lEcU/k] D;ksafd vijk/k'kkL= ls jgk gS] blfy, og iqfyl ra=] [kqfQ;k ra=] baVSyhtSal] vnkyrksa] ljdkjh odhyksa] ckcqvkas] vf/kdkfj;ksa] U;k;/kh'kksa vkSj jktuhfrKksa ds psgjksa ls ifjfpr gSA ys[kd us iqLrd esa 1853 esa vaxzstkas dh bafM;k fjQkeZ lkslk;Vh if=dk losZ dh fjiksVZ nh gS og iqfyl dh Hkwfedk dks le>us ds fy, i;kZIr gS ^^iqfyl u dsoy tqeksZa dks can djus] vijkf/k;ksa dks fxj¶rkj djus vkSj tku eky dh j{kk djus eas gh vlQy jgh] cfYd gekjh iqfyl Lo;a vR;kpkj dk ,d lk/ku gSa vkSj yksxksa ds uSfrd iru dk ,d izcy dkj.k cu xbZ gS**A ¼jke jkT;] i`0 2½ ns'k esa ftrus Hkh vijk/k gksrs gSa] os lHkh iqfyl ds laj{k.k eas gh gksrs gSaA NksVs ls NksVs vijk/k ls ysdj cM+s ls cM+s vijk/k esa iqfyl ds laj{k.k] lg;ksx] Hkwfedk dks udkjk ugha tk ldrkA ns'k esa ftrus Hkh voS/k dk;Z gSa] tqeZ gSa] xSjdkuwuh dke gSa] iqfyl dh mlesa tks Hkwfedk gS] r¶rh'k miU;kl es mldh ,d ,d ijr dks [kksyk x;k gSA

iqfyl vijk/kksa dks jksd ugha ik jgh] vfirq vijk/k ra= ls rks mldh jksth jksVh pyrh gSA og vijkf/k;ksa dks iSnk djrh gSA ns'k esa vijk/k ra= dks QSykus esa mldh vge~ Hkwfedk gSaA iqfyl ds ladsrksa ij ghs lkjk dke gksrk gSA voS/k 'kjkc] vQhe] xkats] iksLr dk dkyk O;kikj gks vFkok gR;k;sa muesa iqfyl dh lafyIrrk fufoZokn gSaA ys[kd us iwjh fgEer ds lkFk dgk gS fd vQhe] iksLr] 'kjkc] xkatk] tscdrjs] xqqaMs] vijk/kh] lV~Vsckt] tq,ckt] vkokjk rRo bUgha ds laj{k.k eas iyrs gSaA iqfyl bUgha rroksa ds lg;ksx ls fdlh Hkh ?kVuk rd igqaprh gSA yksxksa dh ywVikV] fgalk] vekuoh;rk] laosnughurk iqfyl ra= dh pkfjf=d fo'ks"krk,a gSA ys[kd us caVh dh gR;k ds ek/;e ls iwjs iqfyl ra= ds uSVodZ dks mHkkjk gS fd ogka lÙkk dke dSls djrh gS\ ogka fdl izdkj neu] Torture fd;k tkrk gS\ nsg dks u"V djus] ?kk;y djus] lt+k nsus ds fdrus Øwj rjhds gSa\ ys[kd us ;gka Hkh O;aX; fd;k gS fd tks dke iqfyl ugha dj ldrh] vijk/k rd igqapus dh mudh VSDukykWth ugha dj ldrh] ogka iqfyl dqÙkksa dh enn ls vijk/k rd igqaprh gSaA dqÙks tc lwa?krs law?krs Fkkusnkj ds oL=ksa ds phFkM+s dj nsrs gSaA ljdkjh xkM+h dh lhVksa dks lwa?kdj HkkSadrs gSa rks iqfyl foHkkx ds gks'k mM+ tkrs gSa dqÙks ogka lgh gSaA mUgksusa vlyh vijk/kh dks lw¡?k fy;k gSA yk'k dks fBdkus yxkus okyh xkM+h dks lwa?k fy;k gS rks iqfyl dh vijk/k txr eas lafyIrrk Lor fl) gks tkrh gSA caVh dh yk'k dks mlh xkM+h }kjk u, LFkku ij Qsadok;k x;k FkkA iqfyldehZ ml izfØ;k esa 'kkfey Fks] D;ksafd iqfyl us dsl dks ,d u;k eksM+ nsuk FkkA lewph izfØ;k csgn pkykdh ls lEiUu rks gqbZ] ysfdu iqfyl ra= ds vius vrafoZjks/k [kqydj lkeus vk,A ^^ccj 'ksj tSlk dqÙkk goynkj jes'k ls fyiV x;kA dqÙks us mldh iSaV QkM+ nh o gkFkksa dks dkVus dh dksf'k'k djus yxkA mLrkn gSjku gqvkA oks mls iqpdkjus yxkA dqÙkk ;s D;k dj jgk Fkk\ jes'k goynkj Fkk dksbZ eqtfje ughaA idM+ksa bl goynkj dksA idM+rs D;ksa ugha\ HkhM+ esa ls fdlh us vkokt yxkbZA jes'k dk psgjk ihyk tnZ gks x;kA mldh Vkaxsa dkaius yxh**A ¼jkejkT; i`0 183½ dqÙkk viuh lwa?kus dh vnHkqr 'kfä ls vijk/kh dh vksj ladsr dj jgk gS fd ml vijk/k izfØ;k esa iqfyl dh lkQ lafyIrrk gSA turk dk jks"k vksSj lansg iqfyl ij gks tkrk gSA ;gha ls dFkk ,d u, tu vaknksyu dk eksM+ ysus yxrh gSA turk dk vkØks'k] lansg lh/kk iqfyl ij gksrk gSA r¶rh'k miU;kl esa flQZ caVh dh gR;k dh xqRFkh lqy>kus rd dh dFkk ugha gS] cfYd iqfyl foHkkx dh dkjxqt+kfj;ksa] pkykfd;ksa] Øwjrkvksa dks lkeus ykdj mls lkjs vijk/kksa tqeksZa ds iuius] vijk/kksa dks jksdus esa ugha] cfYd mudksa QSykus esa viuh [krjukd Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA ys[kd us mu varfoZjks/kksa dks mHkkjk gS tks vijk/k ra= dks etcwrh iznku djrs gSaA ys[kd us vijk/k txr dh tks O;k[;k dh gS] ftl izdkj vijk/k 'kkL= dh jktuhfr dk inkZQk'k fd;k gS] mldh Hkhrjh lPpkb;ksa ij jkS'kuh Mkyh gS] og lÙkk laLFkkuksa dh csgn [kkSQukd gdhdr gSA

d`fr dks i<+us ds ckn iqfyl ra= dh Øwjrk] vekuoh;rk dks ns[kdj ilhus NwVrs gSa] [kwu [kkSyrk gS] ng'kr iSnk gksrh gS vkSj ikBd [kqn dks bl Hk;kog ra= eas f?kjk ikrk gSaA mls yxrk gS fd ml ij >wBs dsl pyk, tk jgs gSa] mldh nsg dks ^VkpZj* fd;k tk jgk gS] ml dk ^bUoSLVhxs'ku* gks jgk gSA ikBd dh laosnuk dks fgyk nsus okys rF; vkSj lR; gSa iwjh d`fr esaA bu rF;ksa vkSj lR;ksa dks bruh dykRedrk ls fijks;k x;k gS fd dM+h :i esa iwjk miU;kl ftl mís'; ds fy, fy[kk x;k izrhr gksrk gS] mlesa ys[kd dks dkQh cM+h lQyrk feyh gSA vijk/k] dkuwu vkSj U;k; O;oLFkk ij bruh xgjh etcwr idM+ vkSj le>] laosnuk vkSj ekuoh;rk ds dkj.k og lÙkk] jktlÙkk vkSj muds lg;ksxh ?kVdksa dks vijk/kh] vekuoh; dgus] fl) djus dk uSfrd lkg; cVksj ik;k gSA bl rjg ds miU;klksa esa dykRed fdruh xgjh gS\ rF;ksa vkSj lR;ksa ds lkFk og dSls lÙkk foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykrk gS\ bl iwathoknh U;k; O;oLFkk] dkuwu] mldh dk;Z'kSyh ds varfoZjks/kksa dks fdl izdkj lkeus ykrk gS\ gekjh LVsV jktlÙkk dh blesa D;k Hkwfedk gS\ bu iz'uksa pqukSfr;ksa ds lkFk ys[kd lewph jpuk esa dSls Vdjkrk gS\ og dkuwu txr dh folaxfr;ka] fod`fr;ksa] f?kukSusiu dks lkeus ykrk gSA mUgsa iz'ukafdr djrk gSA ;gh bl jpuk dk lkSn;Z cks/k gSaA

^r¶rh'k* miU;kl gks vFkok lq/kkj ?kj ys[kd us iqfyl ra= ds ,d ,d varfoZjks/k ds mtkxj fd;k gS fd dSls vijk/k ra=] vlkekftd rÙoksa] vjktdrk] fgalk] vU;k;] ywVikV] pksjh MdSfu;ka] ekfQ;k laLd`fr] gR;kvksa dh tM+sa iqfyl ra= esa ekStwn gSaA vijk/k ra= dks Qyus Qwyus esa bldh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA ;gh ls budk dkjksckj] /ka/kk pyrk gSaA ys[kd ds Hkhrj bl ra= ds izfr rh[kh vkykspukRed psruk gS] ?k`.kk gSA blhfy, ys[kd us flikgh ls ysdj Mh- vkbZ- th- rd fdlh dks ugha c['kkA vijk/k ra= dh tM+ esa lÙkk laLFkku gSa rks vijk/kksa dks dkSu jksdsxk\ iwjk dk iwjk ra= vijk/kh dks cpkus ds fy, th tku ,d dj nsrk gSA tc ns'k esa loZ= ^dkSjo lHkk* gS rks thr dkSjoksa dh gks gksxh!

iwathoknh U;k; O;oLFkk cuke dVSgjk

vaxzstksa us Hkkjrh; yksxksa dks vuq'kkflr] fu;af=r ,oa vuqdwfyr djus ds fy, iwathoknh vnkyrksa dh O;oLFkk [kM+h dhA mUgksaus gekjh ikjEifjd U;k; O;oLFkk dks rksM+k tgka lkekftd rkSj ij ekU; lkekftd vnkyr] iapk;r dks gh Hkxoku dk vkns'k ekuk tkrk FkkA gkykafd ml lkekftd vnkyr esa Hkh izfrf"Br yksx jgrs Fks] ysfdu ogka U;k; ds uke ij vU;k; u gksrk FkkA u ogka odhy gksrk FkkA u iqfyl] u ckcw] u Hkz"Vra=A fdlh eafnj ds pcwrjs ij] ihiy ds isM+ ds uhp U;k; feyrk FkkA vaxzst+ksa us gekjs ikjEifjd lkearoknh U;kkf;d

iwathokn us ml iqjkus lkearoknh] vkn'kZoknh U;k; izca/k dks /oLr djuk FkkA iwathoknh U;k; iz.kkyh iwjh rjg ls vU;k;iw.kZ] vekuoh; O;oLFkk FkhA iqfyl FkhA xqIrpj foHkkx FksA odhy FksA tt T;wjh FkhA tsysa FkhA dkuwu dh /kkjk,a FkhA iwathokn dk iwjk Hk;kog neudkjh ra= Fkk ftldk mís'; mifuos'kksa dks vius v/khu j[kuk] mUgsa xqyke cukuk] vuq'kkflr djuk] fu;af=r djuk FkkA iwathokn U;k; iz.kkyh dk tUe blh izfØ;k esa gqvk ftldk mís'; vkSifuosf'kd`r fnekxksa] nsgksa dk fuekZ.k djuk FkkA Qwdks bls 'Docile Bodies' vkKkdkj] vuq'kkflr vuqdwfyr nsg] fnyksfnekx dgrs gSaA iwathokn jkT; izzca/k ds fy, bl O;oLFkk ra= dks [kM+k djuk csgn t:jh FkkA blhfy, vaxzstksa us gekjk og ikjEifjd vkn'kZoknh U;k; s fcuk mlesa la'kks/ku] ifjorZu fd, fcuk mls vktkn Hkkjr dh vui<+ fuj{kj turk ij ykn fn;k x;kA ogha r¶rh'k dh varfoZjks/kh] tu fojks/kh] xjhc fojks/kh izfØ;k! ogha dkys vU/ks dkuwu! caVh dh gR;k ds vkjksfi;ksa dks iqfyl dlwjokj eqtfje Bgjk pqdh FkhA 'kkld oxZ lkekftd ncko ds pyrs iqfyl dks rsth ls gjdr esa ykus esa lQy gqvkA iqfyl us dsl dks Nn~e dkuwuh lkaps esa bl izdkj fQV fd;k fd tt bl r¶rh'k dks izkekf.kd] U;k;laxr] rdZlaxr] ekudj nksf"k;ksa dks ltk ns ldsA bl dsl esa r¶rh'kh dks feyuk D;k Fkk\ og fdlls #i;k /ku cVksjkrk\ ;g rks xys eas iM+k ejk gqvk lkai FkkA lÙkk dk ncko Fkk] r¶rhf'k;ksa dks bl dsl esa D;k feyuk Fkk\ oSls r¶rh'kh ds gkFk eas gh lkjk [ksy gksrk gSA ^^fpark u djs dsl ls cjh gksus ds fy, chfl;ksa Nsn gSaA ;fn eSusa bu Nsnksa dks can ugha fd;k rks] pkgs f'kdk;rdrkZ tt dk lkyk Hkh gks rc Hkh yM+dksa dks ltk ugha dj ldrk** ¼i`0 323½ ;g gS r¶rh'k izfØ;k dh ckjhfd;ka fd dSls dlwjokj dks csdlwj vkSj csdlwj dks dlwjokj Bgjk;k tkrk gSA mu Nsnksa] lqjk[kksa] varfoZjks/kkas] dks Hkjrh gS iqfyl] fjÜor[kksjh /ku lsA ogka dsl dks dSls rksM+k ejksM+k] cnyk tkrk gS] xokgksa ds C;kuksa rF;ksa ds lkFk NsM+NkM+ dkj iqfyl us ehrk vkSj ikyk dks bruh dq'kyrk ls eqtfje cuk;k fd mUgas tsy dh lyk[kksa esa can djk dj gh lkal yhA

ys[kd us eqaf'k;ksa] ckcqvksa] odhyksa] ljdkjh odhyksa] tWtksa dh tks Hk;kog rLohj mHkkjh gS og bl iawthoknh U;k; izfØ;k dh Nn~erkvksa dh eq¡g cksyrh rLohj gSA odhyksa ds ckj :e esa fdl izdkj tqvk] 'kjkc] dckc pyrk gS] fdl izdkj lekt dks U;k; iznku djus okyk ;g oxZ Lo;a vU;k;iw.kZ O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kus eas viuh vge~ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA Hkksyh Hkkyh xjhc turk dk jäikr dj jgk gSA mUgsa ywV jgk gSA Ny vkSj Nne ls Hkjh iM+h gS gekjh U;k; izfØ;kA ftlds ikl /ku gS odhyksa] eqaf'k;ksa] iqfyfl;ksa dh tscs Hkjus dh rkdr gS] dkuwu muds i{k esa dke djrk gSA r¶rh'k izfØ;k cnyrh gSA >wBs xokg [kM+s fd, tkrs gSaA c;ku cnys tkrs gSaA dsl dks bruk isphnk cuk fn;k tkrk gSa fd U;k; dh dqlhZ ij cSBk U;k;/kh'k Hkh mlls vizHkkfor gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA iwathoknh U;k; izfØ;k ds ,d ,d varfoZjks/k ij fopkj djrs gq, ys[kd us r¶rh'k izfØ;k dks nks"kiw.kZ ekuk gS blfy, vly nks"kh r¶rh'kh gSA ys[kd r¶rhf'k;ksa dks gh vijk/kh eqtfje ekurk gSA bl r¶rh'k izfØ;k eas iqfyl] ckcw] vnZyh] eqa'kh] odhy] ljdkjh odhy] LVSuks] tWt lHkh bl iwathoknh U;k; iz.kkyh ds vfHkUu vax gSaA lÙkk laLFkku vijk/k ra= dks QSykus eas] vijkf/k;ksa dks laj{k.k] vkRefoÜokl iznku djus eas bl iwathoknh U;k;

fe=lsu ehr D;ksafd Lo;a dkuwu fo'ks"kK] vijk/k 'kkL= ds xgu fpard gSa] blfy, os dkuwu] U;k;] n.M O;oLFkk ds ,d ,d varfoZjks/k dks igpkurs gSa fd gekjh dkuwu O;oLFkk] U;k;iz.kkyh vkSj n.M O;oLFkk eas dgka dgka] fdrus cM+s lqjk[k gSaA

r¶rh'k] dVSgjk vkSj lq/kkj ?kj izrhd fpUg gSa lÙkk laLFkkuksa dsA bu rhuksa d`fr;k¡ eas og lÙkk ds bu rhu laLFkkuksa dks iz'ukafdr Hkh djrk gS] fo[kafMr HkhA og bu laLFkkuksa ds ek/;e ls vlyh vijkf/k;ksa dks lkeus ykrk gSA /kwfey ds 'kCn m/kkj ysdj dgw¡ rks ^^os odhy gSa] oSKkfud gSa] MkDVj gSa] fpard gSa] fopkjd gS] dfo gSa] dykdkj gSa] ;kfu dkuwu dh Hkk"kk cksyrk gqvk] vijkf/k;ksa dk la;qä ifjokj gS**A ¼/kwfey] laln ls lM+d rd½ lgh vFkksZa esa vlyh vijk/kh ;gh yksx gSaA og lq/kkj ?kj dk ljdkjh MkDVj gks vFkok dkSjo lHkk dk ljdkjh MkDVj D;k og vijk/kh ugha gS\ odhyksa] eqaf'k;ksa] nykyksa dh tks cnrjhu fLFkfr ^dVSgjk* esa ewfrZeku gqbZ gS] og vk¡[ksa [kksy nsus okyh lPpkbZ gSA iwjk dk iwjk Hkz"V laosnughu Hkkouk 'kwU; e/; oxZ ys[kd dh dye dh /kkj ls cp ugha ldk gSaA ys[kd us fdlh dks ugha c[’kk] u odhyksa] eqaf’k;ksa] tWtksa] jktuhfrKksa] iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa ds Hkz"V :iksa dks ewfrZeku fd;k gSA ftl ns'k dh U;k; O;oLFkk esa brus Hkz"V laonsughu] Hkkouk 'kwU; vekuoh; yksx gksaxs ogka U;k; dh D;k fLFkfr gksxh\ miU;kldkj D;ksafd lh/ks U;k; O;oLFkk dk is'ksoj fo'ks"kK gSa] og tkurk gS fd ogka funksZ"k yksxksa ds lkFk dSls ywVikV gksrh gSA iqfyl dh Hkwfedk] r¶rh'k izfØ;k] odhyksa dh csgn mRihM+udkjh rjdhcsa] ckcqvksa dk Hkz"V psgjk] tWt vf/kdkjh] fcdkÅ yksx lHkh ds lHkh yksx vijk/k ds dV?kjsa esa [kM+s fd, x, gSaA

vijk/k txr~ ds vf/kdrj yksx fuEu oxksZa ls vkrs gSaA vui<+rk] fuj{kjrk] vKkurk ds dkj.k mUgsa vius vf/kdkjksa dk Kku ugha gksrkA r¶rh'k ra=] U;k; O;oLFkk ogka mu vf'kf{kr yksxksa dks dSls ywVrh gS] odhy Hkksyh Hkkyh turk dk fdl izdkj 'kks"k.k] mRihM+u djrs gSa] iqfyl dslksa dks my>krh gSa bl lewph izfØ;k dks ys[kd us r¶rh'k vkSj dVSgjk esa fn[kk;k gSA iawthoknh ^dVSgjk* U;k;ewyd u gksdj mRihM+udkjh gSA ys[kd us odhyksa] ljdkjh odhyksa] tWtksa dh Hkwfedk ij cgqr cM+s iz'u mBk, gSa fd fdl izdkj iwathoknh U;k; O;oLFkk vekuoh; Øwj vkSj [krjukd flð gks jgh gSA

^nsg dh ijra=rk dk ekWMy % lq/kkj ?kj*

fe'kSy Qwdks dh rjg fe=lsu ehr us Hkh ;gh LFkkfir fd;k gS fd jktlÙkk vius vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd] iz'kklfud fgrksa ds fy, euq"; dh nsg dks vuq'kkflr] fu;af=r djrh gSA ;FkkFkZ vkSj Kku dk lanHkZ Hkh jktlÙkk ls gSA izkphu dky ls vkt rd jktlÙkk,a] nsgksa dks ihfM+r ^VkpZj* djus ds fy, mUgsa nckus] >qdkus] mu ij izHkqrk LFkkfir djus ;k lq/kkjus ds fy, tsyksa] lq/kkj ?kjksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA Qwdks ds vuqlkj lq/kkj ?kj izrhd fpUg gSA neu dk izrhd gS] ^neu dh iz;ksx'kkyk* gS ftlesa O;fDr vyx Lislksa esa caVk gqvk gSa] ijra= gSA bls Qwdks us cSaFke dk ^iSuvkfIVd fizalhiy* dgk gSA jktlÙkk,a iz'kklu ra= pykus ds fy, bu laLFkkuksa izrhd fpUgksa] iqfyl lsuk] [kqfQ;k foHkkx] U;k;ky;] tsyksa] dk iz;ksx djrh gSaA nsg dks fu;af=r djrh gSA Qwdks us ^vuq'kkflr djks vkSj ltk nks* dk tks csgn 'kfDr'kkyh flðkar izLrqr fd;k fd dSls lÙkk vius vkfFkZd] iz'kklfud] jktuSfrd fgrksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, bu fpUgksa ¼dkuwu] U;k;] n.M O;oLFkk] r¶rh'k] dVSgjk] lq/kkj ?kj½ }kjk mRihM+udkjh O;oLFkk dk fpUg'kkL= jprh gSA bls fe=lsu ehr dh jkejkT; miU;kl =;h esa lkQ&lkQ igpkuk] i<+k tk ldrk gSA

jkejkT; ikB dh vyx&vyx i<+rsa gSaA gj ikB vius Hkhrj varikZBh;rk] ikB nj ikB] vFkZ nj vFkZ] O;k[;k nj O;k[;k dks lekfgr fd, gq, gSA jkejkT; VSDlV ,d mÙkj vk/kqfud VSDlV gSA bldh vyx&vyx i<+rksa esa gh varikZBh;rk ekStwn gSA ekDlZoknh fpardksa us bl VSDlV dks ekDlZoknh ut+fj, ls ns[kk gSa rks mÙkj lajpukokfn;ksa us mÙkj lajpukoknh ifjizs{; lsA lekt'kkL= Hkh bldk ,d ifjizs{; cu ldrk gSA mÙkj lajpukokn ikBdoknh i<+rksa esa r¶rh'k] dVSgjk] lq/kkj ?kj] dkSjo lHkk] dh ubZ ubZ i<+rsa curh gSaA mÙkj lajpukokn] mÙkj vk/kqfud lkfgfR;d foe'kksZa us varikZBh;rk ;k uohu i<+rksa dh laHkkoukvksa dks [kksyk gS fd ikBd mlesa iwjh rjg ls Lora= gS viuh i<+r] ikBd~h; izfrfØ;k] vFkZ nsus esa] ubZ O;k[;kvksa ds ekxZ [kksyus esaA r¶rh'k] dVSgjk] lq/kkj ?kj] Åijh /kjkry ij ns[kus ls vijk/k'kkL= ds xazFk yxrs gSa] ysfdu ;fn bu miU;klksa dks mÙkj lajpukoknh foe'kksZa esa j[kdj i<+k tk, rks ;s d`fr;ka lÙkk ds mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd foe'kZ cukrh gqbZa lÙkk laLFkkuksa ¼iqfyl] r¶rh'k] dkuwu] dVSgjk] n.M O;oLFkk] lq/kkj ?kj½ ds izrhd fpUgksa esa QSyrha] lÙkk foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykrh gSa fd lÙkk ds ;s laLFkku dke dSls djrs gSa\ mÙkj lajpukoknh] fpard fe'kSy Qwdks us fMlhIyu ,.M ifu'k] 'The birth of the prison, The birth of the clinic, The Archaeology of knowledge xazFkksa esa bu lÙkk foe'kksZa dks lkeus j[kdj uo bfrgklokn dh cgl dks NsM+k gSA b/kj Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa fe=lsu ehu us bu foe'kksZa dks miU;kl fo/kk }kjk ,d u, ifjizs{; esa izLrqr fd;k gSA ;gh jkejkT; dh ekSfydrk gSA vijk/k 'kkL= dkuwufon~ ,ao laosnu'khy cqfðthoh gksus ds ukrs mUgksaus ftl izdkj lÙkk foe'kksZa dks cuk;k gS] mUgsa c`ºn miU;kl =;h ¼,d gt+kj i`"Bksa½ esa ftl rjg ls dykRed dqN leh{ksdksa dks ,sls ikB miU;kl gh ut+j ugha vkrsA ;g gekjh i<+rksa] v/;;u] foe'kksZa dh le> dh gh lhek gS] u fd ikB dh lhekA ikB vlhe gSA og vuar laHkkoukvkas] vis{kkvksa] f{kfrtksa Expectation Horizons esa QSyk gqvk gSA jkejkT; dk tks mÙkj lajpukoknh] ifjizs{; gS og buesa varikZBh;rk iSnk djrk gS] ubZ i<+rksa dh laHkkouk,a cukrk gSA ^lq/kkj ?kj* ys[kd dh ,d csgn l'kä jpuk gS ftlesa mUgksaus fn[kk;k gS fd dSls lÙkk gekjh nsg dks ijra= cukrh gSA mls ?kk;y djrh gSA u"V djrh gSA neu vkSj mRihM+u djrh gSA fe'kSy Qwdks us ^fMlhIyu ,.M ifu'k* xazFk esa nsg dks fu;af=r] vuq'kkflr vuqdwfyr djus okyh jktlÙkk dh ^ck;ksikoj* dh VSDukykWt+h dks lkeus j[kk gS fd tsyksa] lq/kkj ?kjksa esa lÙkk dh rduhdas dSls dke djrh gSa\ mudh nsg dks dSls >qdk;k tkrk gS] vkKkdkj nsg dk ekWMy ;gha ls lkeus vkrk gSA Qwdks ds vuqlkj& - “The first principle was isolation. The isolation of the convict from the external world, from everything that motivated the offence, from the complicities that facilitated it. The isolation of the prisoners from one another.” (‘Discipline & Punish, ‘Birth of the prison’, Page 236)

lÙkk ds ^ck;ksikoj* dk fl)kar & lq/kkj ?kj

jkejkT; ds ^lq/kkj ?kj* ikB ds Hkhrj vusdksa varikZB gSaA ;g varikZB dSls curs gSa] dSls [kqyrs gSa] bl izfØ;k dks lewph izfØ;k ikB eas i<+k tk ldrk gSA tsy lq/kkj ?kj ,d fpUg gSA Qwdks ds vuqlkj ^Panoptieism* ^iSukvfIVd* rduhd ftldk y{; gS euq"; dh nsg dks fu;af=r] ¼daVªksyM½ vuqdwfyr vuq'kkflr djukA euq"; dh nsg dks ?kk;y djukA >qdkukA mls vkKkdkj cukukA (The birth of prison, P.200) Qwdks ds bl fl)kar ds vuqlkj O;fDr dks fofHkUu Lislksa esa ckaVdj] mudksa fu;af=r djuk fd mUgksuas dc mBuk gSa] dc [kkuk gS] dc dke djuk gS] dc D;k djuk gS vkSj D;k ugha djuk gS] mudk fujh{k.k bl iSuvkfIVd rduhd }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA bldk vkfFkZd i{k Hkh gS] iz'kklfud] jktuSfrd vkSj fopkj/kkjkRed HkhA vuq'kklu] fu;a=.k dh jktuhfr! fd tks xSjdkuwuh dke djus okys yksx gSa] mUgsa dSls fu;a=.k esa j[kk tk,\ fu;a=.k vuq'kklu dh rduhd! ^lq/kkj ?kj* esa ys[kd us fn[kk;k gS fd dSls ogka vkt Hkh tqeZ dks jksdus ds fy, dSfn;ksa] vijkf/k;ksa ds lkFk lSadM+ksa o"kZ iqjkuh nsg dks ?kk;y djus dh] VkpZj djus dh] fu;af=r vuq'kkflr djus dh rduhd viukbZ tkrh gSA tsy tks fd fofHkUu Lislksa esa foHkkftr gSA lSyksa] cSjdksa esa foHkkftr gSA ckgjh nqfu;k Hkhrjh nqfu;k ls dVh gqbZ vkSj ckgj dh nqfu;k Hkhrj dh nqfu;k ls dVh gqbZA lq/kkj ?kj esa vusdksa ikB gSaA mudh vyx vyx i<+rsa gSaA ys[kd us fn[kk;k gS fd dSnh dh vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd gSfl;r ds vuqlkj gh mUgsa lqfo/kk,a feyrh gSaA fdudks] fdruh lqfo/kk,a nsuh gSa] fdudh Nhuuh gSa] bu lc dk mYys[k Hkh jkejkT; eas foLrkjiwoZd gqvk gSA vkfFkZd jktuSfrd 'kfDr j[kus okys dSnh tsy esa reke lq[k lqfo/kk,a Hkksxrs gSaA muds fy, og dSn ugha vkjke?kj ,s'kxkg gSA mudh f[kner ds fy, MkDVj gSa] euksjatu ds lk/ku gSa] [kkus ihus dh reke lqfo/kk,a gS] ukSdj gS] fÝt+ gSa] vkSjrsa gSaA muds fy, lq/kkj ?kj Hkh iapflrkjk lqfo/kkvksa ls ySl gSA jktuSfrd i`"BHkwfe ds dSfn;ksa ds fy, tsy ?kj tSlh lqfo/kkvksa ls ySl gSA iwjk dk iwjk lq/kkj?kj Js.khdj.k] Lrjhdj.k esa foHkkftr gSA tsy dk LFkkiR; ,slk gS fd ogka gjsd dSnh viuh nqfu;k] Lisl esa caVk gSA og viuk igjsnkj fujh{kd] fuxjku [kqn gSA mudh nsg ogka bl dnz fu;af=r ,oa vuqdwfyr gS fd fcuk csfM+;ksa] tathjksa ds Hkh og ca/kk gqvk gSA og viuk igjsnkj Lo;a gSA tsy :id :i esa ^iSuksfIVd fizalhiy dh rjg dke djrk gSA og ikxyksa] pksjksa] tscdrjksa] vkokjvksa] vijkf/k;ksa dks cka/kus okyh ^ck;ksikoj* gS ftls Qwdks us ^ekbØksfQft+Dl vkQ ikoj* dgk gS tks cgqr gh lw{erk ls gekjh nsg dks ijra= cukrh gS vkSj vijkf/k;ksa dk iqu#Riknu djus okyk m|ksx gSA

fe'kSy Qwdks ds lÙkk ds ^ck;ksikoj* fl)kar dks lq/kkj?kj esa ys[kd us fn[kk;k gS fd tks nsg dSnh vkKkdkj ugha gksrh] ml nsg dSnh dks vkKkdkj cukus ds fy, ^VkpZj* Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA tSls gkde flag uked i<+k fy[kk vf/kdkjksa dh psruk j[kus okyk dSnh tc tsy vf/kdkfj;ksa ls vius vf/kdkjksa dh ekax djrk gS] muls tsy eSU;qy dh ekax djrk gS] mudk izfrjks/k djrk gS rks mls jkrksjke Hk;kog nqfu;ka okyh cSjd eas igqapk fn;k tkrk gSA ;g gS iwathoknh lÙkk dk vekuoh;] Qklhoknh psgjk tgka gkde flag dks fHk[kkfj;ksa dh cSjd esa gh ugha igqapk;k tkrk] mls ydM+h ds Hkkjh 'kgrhjksa dks a>ksM+k] og nsg vkSj vkRek dh eqfDr ds fy, lkspus fopkjus dk dke djus yxk] izfrjks/k djus yxk] mlh {k.k mldh nsg dks ?kk;y djus] >qdkus] nckus dh izfØ;k 'kq: gks xbZA Qwdks ds vuqlkj& - “The prison, that darkest region in the apparatus of justice, is the place where the power to punish, which no longer dares to manifest itself openly, silently organizes a field of objectivity in which punishment will be able to function openly as treatment and the sentence be inscribed among the discourses of knowledge. It is understandable that justice should have adopted so easily a prison that was not the offspring of its own thoughts. Justice certainly owed the prison this recognition.” (‘Discipline & Punish, ‘Birth of the prison’, Page 256)

ys[kd us tsy O;oLFkk ij rh[ks iz'u fpUg yxk, gSa& ^eSa vius ns'k ds dkuwu dks dkuwu ugha ekurkA ;g tulk/kkj.k ds dY;k.k ds fy, ugha cukA ,d fo'ks"k oxZ us vius fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, o vke yksxksa dks viuk xqyke cuk, j[kusa ds fy, bls x<+k gSA dkuwu ekFkk ns[kdj Vhdk yxkrk gSA fjD'kk pykus okyksa ds fy, ikap ikap #i, dk tqvk [ksyuk tqeZ gS] Dycksa esa yk[kksa dk tqvk [ksyuk tk;t+ gSA isV dh vkx dks 'kkar djus ds fy, >ksiM+h esa 'kjhj cspuk tqeZ gS] ikap flrkjk gksVyksa esa ge fcLrj gks tkuk tk;t+ gSA crkvks! ftl tqeZ esa rqEgsa lt+k gqbZ gS] D;k rqeus oks tqeZ fd;k gS\ dksbZ O;fDr viuh bPNk ls eqtfje ugha curkA ifjfLFkfr;ka mls eqtfje cukrh gSaA ljdkj dk cqfu;knh Qt+Z ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks cuus ls jksdrk gSA* t:jr ls T;knk] bUgsa tsyksa esa can j[kus dk vf/kdkj fdlh dks ugha gSA bUgsa buds gd feyus pkfg,A* ¼jkejkT; i`0 748½ ys[kd us dSfn;ksa ds euksfoKku dks izdV fd;k gS fd fdl izdkj bl ns'k dk dkuwu ,d fo'ks"k oxZ ds vkfFkZd jktuSfrd fgrksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj cuk;k x;k gSA og dkuwu fuEu oxZ ds fgrksa dh ugha] mPp oxZ ds fgrksa dh j{kk djrk gSA ^cM+s cM+s vkSj egaxs dkuwuh vnkyrksa dh dk;Zokgh isphnk dj nh xbZ gS vkSj [kpZ c<+kdj vlgk; dj fn;k x;k gS---- vnkyrksa ds njokts can gSA muds fy, u dkuwu gS u balkQ gS] ftuds ikl /ku gS] os Hkh vUnj ?kqldj D;k ns[krs gSa\ tt bl rjg ds gSa tks vaxzst tkfr ds uke ij ,d dyad gSA* ¼jkejkT; i`0 314½ miU;kl esa dkuwu O;oLFkk dks ftl izdkj ckj ckj fo[kafMr fd;k x;k gS] iz'ukafdr fd;k x;k gS] og bl miU;kl ds Hkhrj ikB nj ikB] O;k[;k nj O;k[;k dh laHkkoukvksa dks cukrk gSA tsy izca/k dk dkuwu D;k gS\ dSfn;ksa ds lkjs vf/kdkj Nhu yksA og ,d ykSg O;oLFkk gSA iwjh rjg ls can dk¶dk ds Hk;kud nqxZ dh rjg! ogka u rks ckgj ls Hkhrj >kad ldrk gS] u Hkhrj ls dksbZ ckgjA cSaFke dk iSukvfIVd fl)kar ;gka iwjh rjg ls dke djrk gSA tsy izca/k ij brus rh[ks iz'u mBk dj ys[kd us ml iwjh dh iwjh mRihM+udkjh] vekuoh; Øwj O;oLFkk dks js[kkafdr fd;k gS fd ogka vkt Hkh dSls nks lkS o"kZ iqjkuk mRihM+udkjh vkSifuosf'kd

^lq/kkj ?kj* mRihM+udkjh O;oLFkk dk lcls ohHkRl :i gSA tgka ukjdh; ;kruk,a gSaA neu gSA dksbZ buds f[kykQ cksy ugha ldrkA gkde usa ml mRihM+udkjh lÙkk tsy izca/k ds f[kykQ tc dkuwuh Lrj ij izfrjks/k fd;k rks mldk ifj.kke D;k fudyk\ mlus tWt dks f'kdk;r i= fy[kdj lq/kkj?kj dh okLrfodrkvksa dk inkZQk'k rks vo'; fd;k] ysfdu ml tWt us varrksxRok fdldk lkFk fn;k\ fdlds f[kykQ dk;Zokgh dh\ D;k mlus viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx tsy izca/kd lqijMSaV ds f[kykQ fd;k\ D;k mlus dSfn;ksa ds i{k esa dksbZ dke fd;k\ Øwj tsy vf/kdkfj;ksa] Hkz"V deZpkfj;ksa ds fo:) dkuwuh dk;Zokgh gqbZ\ lÙkk vius gh fo#) dksbZ Økafrdkjh fu.kZ; ns ldrh gS\ ;gka ;g Hkh iz'u mBrk gS fd gkde dk lÙkki{k tt ls ml mRihM+udkjh O;oLFkk ds fo#) dSfn;ksa ds fgr esa fu.kZ; dh dYiuk djuk Hkh vlaxr gSA C;wjksØslh fduds fgrksa dh iwfrZ djrh gS\ xjhc] funksZ"k] eqtfjeksa dSfn;ksa ds i{k esa vFkok mRihM+udkjh O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kus ds i{k esa\ ;g ,d cgqr cM+k iz'u gS fd ge C;wjksØslh ls tufgr dh ekax dj jgs gSa\ D;k ;g varfoZjks/k ugha gS\ ,d cgqr cM+k varfoZjks/k gSA iawthoknh jktlÙkk] mRihM+udkjh O;oLFkk] laosnughu C;wjksØslh] tatksa] mPp e/; oxZ ls yksdfgr ds dkuwu dh dYiuk djuk\ C;qjksØslh ogka D;k djrh gS\ lq/kkj ?kj dk vpkud fujh{k.k gksrk gSA ogka og lc dqN ik;k tkrk gS tks f'kdk;r i= esa ntZ Fkk& eqtfje dks fd, xqukg dh ltk Hkqxrus o lq/kjus dks ekSdk nsus ds fy, tsy Hkstk tkrk gSA dSn gks tkus ds ckn eqtfje iwjh rjg ls ljdkj dk xqyke ugha cu tkrkA dSn ds nkSjku mlds cqfu;knh gd gh fNurs gSA mudh euethZ ugha pyrh] lekt vkSj ifjokj ls lEcU/k VwVrs gSaA euethZ dk dke djus dk vf/kdkj ugha jgrkA bu lc ds ckotwn mldks i<+us fy[kus dk vf/kdkj] [kqn dks izdV djus dk] ;ksX;rk ds vuqlkj dke djus dk] iwtk ikB djus] /kkfeZd jLesa fuHkkus ds vf/kdkj feyrs gSaA dSnh ds bu vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk djuk ljdkj dk Qt+Z gSA cnfdLerh ;s ;fn ljdkjh deZpkjh tsy vf/kdkjh gh bu gdksa dks Nhu ysa rks vnkyrksa dks ewd n'kZd cudj rek'kk ugha ns[kuk pkfg,A vnkyrksa ds ikl dlwjokj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dku [khapus dk vf/kdkj gSA daqHkd.khZ uhan ls lksbZ ljdkjksa ds ikl dSfn;ksa ds gky tkuus] fu;eksa esa la'kks/ku djds ekuoh; n`f"Vdks.k viukus dk le; ugha gS] ysfdu vnkyrksa dks vius Qt+Z igpkuus pkfg, vf/kdrj dSnh vui<+ xjhc ihfM+r yksx gSaA bu vukFkksa dh iqdkj vnkyrksa dks lquuh pkfg,A eqtfje dks ;fn balku ugha cuk ldrs rks dksbZ ckr ugha] ij de ls de gSoku rks u cukvksA ¼jkejkT; i`0 852½ gkde uked dSnh ds fy[ks gq, i= fdrus ân;fonkjd gSa fd lÙkk dqaHkd.khZ uhan lksbZ gqbZ gSA U;k;/kh'k viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa ls dVs gq, gSaA vf/kdrj vijk/kh fuEu vkfFkZd i`"BHkwfe ls vkrs gS ftuds ikl thus dk vk/kkj ugha gksrkA etcwfj;ksa] ykpkfj;ksa] vui<+rk ds dkj.k os vijk/k dh nqfu;k ls tqM+ tkrs gSaA vui<+rk] fuj{kjrk] vKkurk] vkfFkZd fiNM+siu ds dkj.k os bl eagxs cwTokZ dkuwu dk Hkh lgkjk ugha ys ikrsA gkde ds bu i=ksa esa tks vkØkedrk gS] lÙkk foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykus dh izfrjks/kh] iz[kj psruk gSA izksVSLV ikB dh rjg mHkjrs gSa ,sls ikBA og tkurk gS fd lÙkk cgqr [krjukd gSA blds Hk;adj nq"ifj.kke lkeus vk;saxsA lewpk lÙkk izcU/k mlds f[kykQ vkØked #[k viuk,xkA mldh reke lqfo/kk,a fNu tk;asxhA og funksZ"k dSfn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, yM+kbZ yM+rk gSA Hkud ikrs gh tsy izca/k lrdZ gks tkrk gSA og gkde dh ,.Vh bLVSfCy'keSaV] lÙkk fojks/k dh lkft'k dks le> ysrk gSA gkde ds i=ksa dk ,d ykHk t:j gksrk gS fd vnkyr gjdr eas vkrh gSA og Hkhrjh lPpkbZ dks ns[kdj yfTtr vo'; gksrh gS] mlesa jks"k Hkh vkrk gS] ysfdu C;wjksØslh fdudh gS\ fduds fy, gS\ fduds fgrksa dh j{kk djrh gS\ fduds f[kykQ dk;ZokbZ djrh gS\ ekewyh lk vkØks'k] vkykspuk djus ds ckn og fujh{kd tWt vius fe=] oxZ fe= ¼tsy vf/kdkjh½ ds cpko esa gh lc Bhd&Bkd gS dh rt+Z ij dSnh dh f'kdk;r dks fuiVk ij viuh ftEesnkjh fuHkkrk gS vkSj eqlhcrksa dk igkM+ VwVrk gS f'kdk;rdÙkkZ ij! ;g gS bl ns'k dk jkejkT;! vkn'kZ dY;k.kdkjh jkT;! vkn'kZ jkT; O;oLFkk dh ,d felkyA xka/kh ds liuksa dk ns'k! U;k;! dkuwu! U;k;/kh'k! uo e/; oxZ dk tufojks/kh Øwj psgjk!

gkde dSnh tc rd jktlÙkk dh e'khujh dks pyk jgk Fkk] mldk mRiknu] iqu#Riknu dj jgk Fkk rc rd rks og tsy esa Hkh vkjke dh fta+nxh th jgk FkkA mldk iw.kZ eku lEeku FkkA tsy vf/kdkjh mlls dkuwuh ijke'kZ ysrs FksA og ml cwTokZ mRiknu izca/k esa lfØ;] lg;ksxh Fkk] ysfdu tSls gh og izfrjks/k dk [krjukd jkLrk viukrk gS] lÙkk mlds fo#) vuq'kkluh; dk;ZokbZ djrh gSA mls lHkh lqfo/kkvksa ls oafpr dj nsrh gSA mls Hk;adj 'kkjhfjd ekufld ;kruk,a nsrh gSA mls ckn'kkgksa fHk[kkfj;ksa dh cSjd ls ysdj rUgkbZ rd igqapk nsrh gSA mldh nsg dks u"V djrh gSA mls ?kk;y djrh gSA >qdkrh gSA mlls tcju etnwjksa ls Hkh Hk;adj dke ysrh gSA gkde dk n¶rj vkuk canA dSfn;ksa dks Hkk"k.k nsuk canA mldh fo'ks"k eqvkfQ;ka canA ¼jkejkT; i`0 808½ lÙkk vius izfrjks/kh ds lkFk D;k crkZo djrh gS] mls dSls mRihfM+r djrh gS] mls dSls rax djrh gS] ;kruk,a nsrh gS gkde dk lÙkk fojks/k bldk izek.k gSA ikB esa fdruh (Intertextuality) varikZBh;rk ekStwn gS fd ehrk vkSj ikyk dh fjgkbZ i`"BHkwfe esa vkSj vusdksa y?kq o`Ùkkar dsUnz esa vkus yxrs gSaA ehrk vkSj ikyk tsy esa can gSa ftudh eqfDr dk ikB bl c`gn miU;kl dk eq[; foe'kZ gSA miU;kldkj us ehrk vkSj ikyk dh eqfDr ds fy, tks la?k"kZ NsM+k gS r¶rh'k ls dVSgjk vkSj dVSgjk ls lq/kkj?kj esa og iqfyl] dkuwu] U;k; vkSj n.M O;oLFkk lq/kkj izfØ;k dks iz'ukafdr djrk gS] fo[kafMr djrk gSA lÙkk ds ;s mRihM+udkjh laLFkku viuh izklafxdrk [kks pqds gSaA iqfyl dk pfj= Hkz"V gSA U;k; ds efUnjksa esa vU;k; dk izlkn ckaVk tk jgk gS vkSj lq/kkj?kj vijkf/k;ksa dh rknkn esa bt+kQk dj jgs gSaA fcxkM+ ?kj gSaA mRihM+udkjh lÙkk ds izrhd fpUg gSaA lq/kkj?kj dh okLrfodrk ;g gS fd ogka dSfn;ksa dk Js.khdj.k] Lrjhdj.k] oxhZdj.k gSA og LisLkksa esa] lSyksa esa] cSjdksa esa caVh gSA og nsg dks fu;af=r] mRihfM+r djus okyh iz;ksx'kkyk gSA lq/kkj?kj rks ,d izrhd fpUg gSA lÙkk ds vuq'kklu dh jktuhfr dkA oxZ Hksn dh n`f"V ls ljdkjh MkDVj bl lewps jktuSfrd izca/k ds Hkz"V :i dk ekWMy gSA vehj jktuSfrd dSfn;ksa dks lqfo/kk,a igaqpkus esa bldh eq[; Hkwfedk gSA lqHkk"k tSu Bsdsnkj dks fo'ks"k lqfo/kkvkas igqapkus ds fy, MkDVj tsy izca/kd eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSA og viuh vkfFkZd 'kfDr ls ml ujd yksd esa Hkh lHkh lqfo/kk,a ikus esa lQy gksrk gSA jktuSfrd dSnh] vkardoknh ogka nslh ?kh] dktw gyok iwjh vkSj reke lqfo/kk,a dSls ikrs gS\ bu iz'uksa dks Hkh lq/kkj?kj esa i<+k tk ldrk gS fd dSls vkardoknh tsy esa lsa/k yxkus esa lfØ; jgrs gSa vkSj iz'kklu daqHkd.khZ uhan esa lks;k jgrk gSA blesa lsa/k yxkuk dfBu gS] D;ksafd bldh uhao cgqr xgjh gSA izrhd :i esa ys[ku us ml ^iSuvkfIVd fizalhiy* dh vksj gh ladsr fd;k gS fd lÙkk laLFkkuksa esa lsa/k yxkuk bruk ljy dke ugha gSA iwjk dk iwjk las/k ekjus dk vkardokfn;ksa dk ikB izrhdkRed gSA lq/kkj ?kj rks ,d izrhd fpUg gSA [kkSQukd O;oLFkk ;kfu ^ekbØksfQthDl vkQ ikoj* 'kfDr dk vYi HkkSfrd'kkL= gSA ogka fuxjku fcdkÅ gS ;k lks;k gS\ vf/kdkjh oLrq fLFkfr ls vufHkK gSa rks ogka lsa/kekjh] lqjax fudky ikuk laHko ugha gSA ;gh ckr fe'kSy Qwdks ekbØksfQthDl vkQ ikoj] ^ck;ksiokj* esa mBkrs gSaA lsa/kekjh ogka foQy gks tkrh gSA

fe=lsu ehr ds lq/kkj?kj dh ekSfydrk ;g gS fd ,d gh Text essa vusdksa ikB tUe ysrs gSaA ve:n ds cht+ksa dh rjg ikB ds Hkhrj ikBA ?kVuk,a] ik=] lanHkZ] fLFkfr;ka bruh ijLij xqaFkh gqbZ fd vusdksa foe'kksZa esa ikB nj ikB [kqyrk can gksrk] iqu% [kqyrk gSA ikB nj ikB dk ;g vuojr flyflyk cjkcj lewph Text esa pyrk jgrk gSA pfj= cnyrs gSa] ?kVuk,a] lanHkZ cnyrs gSaA ys[kd ckj ckj ml vuq'kklu] fu;a=.k dh jktuhfr] neu dh fopkj/kkjk ls lÙkk foe'kksaZa dks lkeus ykrk gSA le>kSrkoknh 'kfDr;ka lksprh gS& tsy iz'kklu us gesa nkeknksa tSlh lqfo/kk,a ns j[kh gSaA budk vkuan mBkvksa ¼i`0 710½ gekjs e/; oxZ] uo e/; oxZ dh lksp ;gha gS fd izfrjks/k] izksVSLV dk jkLrk NksM+ks vkSj lq[k lqfo/kkvksa dks HkksxksA nqfu;ka tk, HkkM+ esaA ;g gS vkt ds mÙkj vk/kqfud e/; oxZ dh lksp! blh lksp ds pyrs ifjorZu dh laHkkouk,a ef)e] /kwfey ;k de+tksj iM+rh tk jgh gSA gkde izfrjks/k dk jkLrk viukuk csgrj le>krk gS] D;ksafd vc mls ikl ;gha fodYi cprk gSA ^fodYighu ugha gS ;g nqfu;k* dh lksp ij pydj gh ge ys[kd ds liuksa dks le> ldrs gSaA mUgsa lkdkj dj ldrs gSaA ys[kd us eqfDr dh vo/kkj.kk] nsg vkSj lksp dh eqfDr dh vo/kkj.kk dks lkeus j[kk gS ^ehrk vkSj ikyk* dh fjgkbZ ds lanHkZ esaA blds fy, og nsg ,oa psruk dh eqfDr dk foe'kZ Hkh cukrk gSA

igys rks miU;kl dh dFkk nsg dh ijra=rk ds foe'kZ dks cukrh gSA r¶rh'k] dVSgjk] lq/kkj?kj rd nsg dh ijra=rk] xqyke cukus] mRihM+u dk foe'kZ pyrk gSA r¶rh'k izfØ;k csxqukgksa dks ltk djkdj] vnkyr ds jkLrs ls tsy dh can nqfu;ka esa Qsad nsrh gSA rhuksa miU;klksa esa ys[kd ml mRihM+udkjh lÙkk ds ,d ,d varfoZjks/k dks lkeus ykrk gS] iz'ukafdr djrk gS] tw>rk gS] gkjrk gSA ehrk vkSj ikyk lt+k dkVrs gSa tSls tsy bl ns'k esa gt+kjksa funksZ"k lt+k,a dkV jgs gSaA ljdkjh odhy] gkde] tuvkanksyuksa lkekftd ncko lewgksa] dk;ZdrkZvksa }kjk ys[kd nsg dh eqfDr dk foe'kZ lkeus ykrk gSA

mRihfM+rksa dh eqfDr dk foe'kZ % izksVSLV ikB

jkejkT; r¶rh'k] dVSgjk vkSj lq/kkj?kj d`fr;ka lÙkk ds rhu laLFkkuksa dk ,d fpUg'kkL= cukrh gSaA bu laLFkkuksa esa lÙkk dk jktuSfrd vuq'kklu ;kfu VSDukykWth] ^ck;ksikoj* dk fl)kar dke dSls djrk gS rFkk gekjh nsg dks ijra=] xqyke fu;af=r dSls djrk gS] rd gh lhfer ugha gSA ys[kd us bu lÙkk foe'kksZa esa Qwdks dh rjg ^nsg dh eqfDr* ds iz'u dks Hkh mBk;k gS ehrk vkSj ikyk dh fjgkbZ ds lanHkZ esaA blesa eq[; Hkwfedk gS lkekftd ncko lewgksa Økafrdkjh ckSf)d tu vkanksyuksa dhA D;k ekStwnk nkSj esa bldh dksbZ laHkkouk,a 'ks"k gSa vFkok mRihM+udkjh lÙkk blh izdkj dkuwu] U;k;] vuq'kklu] fu;a=.k dh vkM+ esa gesa fu;af=r] vuqdwfyr] vuq'kkflr djrh jgsxh\ ys[ku us ;g ,d cM+k iz'u mBk;k gS fd ge neu mRihM+u dh bl jktuSfrd fopkj/kkjk dk izfrjks/k] izksVSLV djsa vFkok laHkkoukghu] fodYighu gksdj viuh jh<+ghurrk] fopkjghurk] laosnughurk dk ifjp; nsa\ jkejkT; miU;kl cqf)thfo;ksa] laosnu'khy ys[kdksa] vke yksxksa ls iz'u djrk gS fd gekjh Hkwfedk D;k gS\ ys[ku us rks ncko lewgksa ds ek/;e ls ehrk vkSj ikyk dh eqfDr dh dYiuk dh gS] ysfdu gekjs laosnughu] jh<+ghu] cqf)thfo;ksa] ys[kdksa dks 'kk;n ;g ys[kd dh dYiuk ek= yxrh gSA thou la?k"kksZa] ifjorZuksa] ncko lewgkas esa cqf)thfo;ksa dh dksbZ vkLFkk ugha cph gSA ys[kd us lÙkk foe'kksZa dks r¶rh'k dVSgjk vkSj lq/kkj?kj esa ml neudkjh iwathoknh U;k; O;oLFkk ds ,d ,d varfoZjks/k vkSj fod`fr dks mHkkjk gSA iz'u lÙkk foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykus dk gh ugha gS] vfirq mu foe'kksZa ds }kjk mlds oSdfYid foe'kZ] izfrjks/kh psruk fodflr djus dk Hkh gSA D;k blh rjg ls jktlÙkk,a dke djrh jgsaxh vFkok mlds izfrjks/k esa bl fu;af=r] vuqdwfyr nsg dh Lora=rk ds fy, gesa u, fodYi [kkstus gksaxs\ fe=lsu ehr dh ijra=rk dh ckr rks djrs gSa fd dSls gesa dkuwu] lÙkk] laLFkku] gekjk mRihM+u djrs gSa\ gekjs fnyksfnekx dk fu;a=.k] vuq'kklu] vuqdwyu djrs gSaA gesa cka/krs gSaA D;k bu lÙkk dkuwuksa] lÙkk fu;eksa] lÙkk laLFkkuksa lÙkk ds lp dks cnyk] rksM+k ugha tk ldrk\ Qwdks nsg dh Lora=rk ds foe'kZ dks lkeus ykrs gSa fd mls eqDr djkuk Hkh t:jh gSA fe=lsu ehr r¶rh'k] dVSgjk] lq/kkj?kj esa bl izfØ;k dks xqjehr] ckck] gkde ds ekè;e ls mu eqfDrdkeh] ifjorZudkjh fopkj/kkjk dks lkeus ykrs gSa tks bu lÙkk laLFkkuksa ls fHkM+rs] tw>rs] la?k"kZ djrs] ygqywgku gksrs] gkjrs thrrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA bu pfj=ksa ds ekè;e ls miU;kldkj us ml la?k"kZ cks/k] izksVSLV&ikB dks cuk;k gS fd reke vojks/kksa] dkyh rkdrksa ds ckotwn ml iwjh dh iwjh Qklhoknh izfØ;k ds fo#) la?k"kZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,slk Hkh ugha gS fd va/ksjk geas fuxy tk;sxkA d`fr dks i<+us ds ckn yxrk gS fd ,d ubZ lqcg t:j gksxhA tc bl rjg ds miU;kl ^ikB* vfLrRo esa vk;saxs] lÙkk foe'kZ cusaxs rks mls fo[kafMr] foLFkkfir djus okyh Økafrdkjh tu 'kfDr;kas dk Hkh mn; gksxkA tc dkuwu] dkuwuofon] cqf)thoh] ys[kd] laosnu'khy 'kfDr;ka] tu vkanksyuksa ds izp.M mHkkj esa lfØ; gksaxhA ys[kd us bl izksVSLV ikB esa Økafrdkjh pfj=ksa dks Hkh mHkkjk gS tks ml lewph izfØ;k esa la?k"kZ'khy gSaA caVh dh gR;k dh dFkk rks i`"BHkwfe esa pyh tkrh gSA fQj ys[kd vusd ?kVukvksa }kjk r¶rh'k izfØ;k] U;k; izfØ;k n.M izfØ;k dks lkeus ykrk gS] mu ij iz'ufpUg yxkrk gSA buds ek/;e ls og dkuwu] U;k; ds vR;ar [kkSQukd vekuoh; psgjksa dks lkeus ykuk pkgrk gS ftlesa ekewyh flikgh ls mPp vf/kdkjh rd] ckcqvksa eaqf'k;ksa ls iz'kkldksa] jktuhfrKksa rd og ,d ,d ds pfj= dks lkeus ykrk gSA og ml laosnughu lekt dh vlaosnu'khyrk] Øwjrk dk inkZQk'k djrk gSA

jkejkT; esa ys[kd tu 'kfDr;ksa dks lkeus ykrk gSA ys[kd dk fo'okl gS fd tc tuekul laxfBr] vkanksfyr gksrk gS] izfrjks/k djrk gS rHkh lÙkk dh dqaHkd.khZ uhan VwVrh gSA iz'u mBrk gS fd D;k okLro esa tu'kfDr;ka laxfBr] vkanksfyr] tkx:d gaS\ D;k gekjs cqf)thoh oxZ lkFkZd usr`Ro dh fn'kk dh vksj c<+ jgk gS vFkok viuh usr`Roghurk] fopkjghurk] laosnughurk] fn'kkghurk ls ladV dks vkSj vf/kd xgjk jgk gS\ D;k gekjs ;gka usr`Ro'khy oxksZa dk mHkkj gks ldk gS tks lÙkk foe'kksZa ds lkFk Vdjk ldsa vkSj bl vekuoh;dj.k dh izfØ;k ds fo#) u, foe'kZ cuk ldsa] tSls ehr th us vius miU;klksa esa ladsr fd, gSa\ gkykafd ys[kd us e/; oxZ dk tks psgjk izLrqr fd;k gS mlesa Hkz"V ckcw oxZ] vf/kdkjh oxZ] tsy izca/kd] vf/kdkjh] MkDVj] U;k;/kh'k lHkh ds lHkh vijkf/k;ksa dh gh dkSjo lHkk gSA bl Hkz"V ra= ds iqtsZ gSa MkDVj] iqfyl vf/kdkjh] tt] uo e/; oxZA ysfdu] blds lkFk lkFk og ljdkjh odhy xqjehr Hkh gS tks ehrk ikyk dh eqfDr ds fy, var rd yM+rk gS] vius uSfrd foosd ds lkFk iwjs uSfrd izfrjks/k esa] izksVSLV esa!

r¶rh'k miU;kl esa vehapan] [kku tSls iqfyl vf/kdkjh Hkh gSa] tks vlyh vijk/kh rd igqapuk pkgrs gSa] ftudh lkekftd U;k; esa vkLFkk gSA blh rjg xqjehr] ckck] gkde tSls fonzksgh pfj= gSa tks lÙkk ra= ds f[kykQ viuh uSfrd foosd psruk dh vkokt+ dks mBkrs gSaA ys[kd us gkde dk tks pfj= mHkkjk gS] og D;k de egRoiw.kZ gS\ gkde mRihfM+rksa dh eqfDr ds fy;s la?k"kZ NsM+rk gSA iz'kklu ra=] U;k; ra=] dkuwu dks pqukSrh nsrk gSA og tsy esa can dSfn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy,] muds vf/kdkjksa ds fy, tsy eSU;qvy dh ekax djrk gS] izfrjks/k djrk gS rFkk mldk fy[kk og f'kdk;r i= U;k;/kh'k rd igqapkus esa mlds can dkuksa dks [kksyus esa lQy gks tkrk gSA gkykafd fe'kSy Qwdks ds vuqlkj tsy ,d ,slh can O;oLFkk gS ftlds Hkhrj >kad ikuk] Hkhrj dh vkokt+ dks ckgj igqapk ikuk vlaHko dke gSa D;ksafd ogka ^iSukvfIVd fizalhiy* dke djrk gSA fe=lsu ehr tsy izca/k dks blh ^iSuvfIVd d`fr* ij vk/kkfjr ekurs gSa& ^vnkyrksa ds ikl dlwjokj tsy vf/kdkfj;ksa ds dku [khapus dk vf/kdkj gSA dqaHkd.khZ uhan esa Mwch ljdkjksa ds ikl dSfn;ksa dk gky tkuus] fu;eksa esa la'kks/ku djds ekuoh; n`f"Vdks.k viukus dk le; ugha gS ysfdu vnkyrksa dks vius Qt+Z igpkuus pkfg,A tsy Åaph fnokjksa vkSj ykSg lyk[kksa okys [kkeks'k LFky gSaA u blds Hkhrj ckgj ls dksbZ >kad ldrk gS] u Hkhrj cSBk O;fDr viuh ph[k iqdkj ckgr rd igqapk ldrk gSA vf/kdrj dSnh vui<+] xjhc ihfM+r yksx gSA bu xwaxs cgjksa vukFkksa dh iqdkj vnkyrksa dks lquuh pkfg,A eqtfje dks ;fn balku ugha cuk ldrs gks dksbZ ckr ugha gSa] ij de ls de gSoku rks er cukvksA ¼jkejkT; i`0 852½ ys[ku us dkuwu dh tkudkjh j[kus okys gkde ds bl izksVSLV i= dks lÙkk foe'kZ dk izksVSLV ikB cukdj is'k fd;k gSA fu%lansg ,sls izksVSLV ikB jkejkT;] lq/kkj ?kj ds csgn l'kDr izlax gSa ftuesa ys[kd us gkde ds ekè;e ls izksVSLV] izfrjks/k dk ikB varikZB cuk;k gSA og mls vU;k;iw.kZ vaxzsth jkt tSls tsy izca/k dh rh[kh vkykspuk djrk gS] mls jí djus] cnyus] o U;k; O;oLFkk ls mls ekuoh; cukus dh ekax djrk gSA ysfdu fdlls\ U;k; ra= esa dkSu yksx gSa\ D;k gekjh U;k;ikfydk ekuoh; gS\ D;k tt dSfn;ksa ds izfr ekuoh;] lân; vkSj laosnu'khy gSa\ og fdldh enn djrk gS\ mu dSfn;ksa dh ftudh eqfDr ds fy, gkde us bruk cM+k tksf[keHkjk lkgfldrk iwoZd dk;Z fd;k\ gkde ml vU;k;iw.kZ tsy izca/k dh vekuoh;rk ds f[kykQ vnkyrksa rd viuh vkokt+ igqapkrk gS] ysfdu D;k bl iawthoknh U;k; O;oLFkk ls vius gh f[kykQ fu.kZ; nsuk laHko gS\ tt ogka tsy dk vpkud fujh{k.k] losZ{k.k t:j djrk gS] ml vU;k;iw.kZ Øwj] vekuoh; O;oLFkk] cuke ujd yksd dk ;FkkFkZ Hkh ns[krk gS] Øks/k esa vkrk tsy dks yrkM+rk] QVdkjrk gS] ysfdu og dSfn;ksa dh HkykbZ ds fy, D;k Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS\ mldk ogka vkuk vFkok u vkuk dSfn;ksa ds fy, D;k vFkZ j[krk gSa\ mldk vrar% vius iqjkus fe= tsy vf/kdkjh dks cpkuk bldk izek.k gS fd mlds fu.kZ; vrar% lÙkk ra= ds gh i{k esa tkrs gSaA var gkde ds lkFk O;oLFkk ra= fdl rjg ls O;ogkj djrh gS] mlds lkFk iwjk O;oLFkk ra= fdl izdkj fgalk neu djrk gS ;g gS lÙkk fojks/kh O;fDr ds lkFk lÙkk ds lEcU/k! og tc rd lÙkk ds i{k esa Fkk] mls pykus esa ennxkj cuk gqvk Fkk] rc rd og reke lqfo/kk,a Hkksx jgk FkkA izfrjks/k ds ekxZ ij vkrs gh lÙkk dk neu 'kq:! lÙkk fdl izdkj geas fu;af=r djrh gS] neu ds }kjk Hkh vkSj lqfo/kkvksa ds }kjk HkhA

gkf'k;ksa ds foe'kZ

b/kj fiNys nkSj esa gkf'k;kd`r nqfu;k ij [kwc ppkZ,a] ifjppkZ,] l`tu vkykspuk gks jgh gSA nqfu;ka dh reke gkf'k;kd`r pht+ksa dh igpku nsus dh t+ksjnkj dksf'k'ksa gks jgh gSa tks fd ,d 'kqHk ladsr gS! ftUgs bfrgkl esa gkf'k;ksa ij /kdsy fn;k x;k Fkk[ vkt mudks ysdj u, u, foe'kZ cuus yxs gSaA ;g t:jh gS fd gkf'k;ksa ds Hkh gkf'k;ksa ij cM+s csgn ihfM+rksa] mRihfM+rksa] csdlwj dSfn;ksa ds izfr ys[kd dh laosnuk tkxh gSA cqf)thoh mu ij fopkj djus yxs gSaA bls mÙkj vk/kqfud foe'kZ dk uke fn;k x;k gSA mÙkj vk/kqfud foe'kksZ esa gkf'k, gSa] gkf'k;ksa ds Hkh gkf'k, gSa] xqeuke] vuke v:i nqfu;k gSA mudh eqfDr ds fy;s la?k"kZ gSA fe'kSy Qwdks us gkf'k;ksa ds Hkh gkf'k, [kkstsA lÙkk ds foe'kZ cuk,A uo bfrgkloknh leh{kk dh blesa vge~ Hkwfedk gSA

fe=lsu ehr us Hkh jkejkT; esa gkf'k;ksa ds Hkh gkf'k, [kksts gSaA iwjh laosnu'khyrk] uSfrd foosd ds lkFk lÙkk ra= iqfyl] dkuwu] dVSgjk] tsyksa] lq/kkj ?kjksa esa xy lM+ jgs mRihfM+rksa] dSfn;ksa dh eqfDr ds fy, vkokt+ mBkbZ gSA ml mRihM+udkjh U;k; O;oLFkk@dkuwu O;oLFkk@lq/kkj izfØ;k dks uaxk fd;k gS fd fdl izdkj lÙkk ds laLFkku iqfyl] dVSgjk] lq/kkj ?kj U;k; ds fy, ugha vU;k; ds fy, izfrc) gSA lq/kkj ?kj fcxkM+ ?kj gSaA dkuwu dh tM+ esa xSj dkuwuh;r gSA dkuwu dh ekj os yksx >sy jgs gSa tks dkuwu dk lgkjk ugha ys ldrsA tks xjhch] vf'k{kk] csjkst+xkjh] dke ds vHkko] /ku ds vHkko] etcwfj;ksa ds dkj.k vkSj dkuwuh /ka/kksa esa lafyIr gks tkrs gSaA ys[kd blds fy, izHkqRo oxZ dks iwjh rgj ls ftEesnkj Bgjkrk gSA

ys[kd ds Hkhrj bu mRihfM+rksa ds izfr xgjh laosnuk vkSj lgkuqHkwfr gS D;ksafd og tkurk gS fd vijk/kh iSnk ugha gksrs] ifjfLFkfr;ka euq"; dks xSj dkuwuh /ka/kksa esa /kdsyrh gSaA blds ewy esa vui<+rk] vKkurk] Hkw[k] xjhch vkSj lkekftd vkfFkZd vlekurk,a gSaA dkuwu vehjksa ds fy, gSA mudh lqj{kk djrk gSA ftlds ikl iSlk gSa] iwath gS og dkuwu dks vius i{k esa eksM+ ysrk gSA eqnkZ vkRekvksa ds bl ns'k esa lc dqN fcdrk gSA dkuwu fcdrk gSA U;k; fcdrk gSA bZeku fcdrk gSA varjkRek fcdrh gSA foosd fcdrk gSA blfy, bls ys[ku us ^dkSjo lHkk* dgk gSA tgka MkDVj fcdrk gSA iqfyl fcdrh gSA odhy] U;k;/kh'k fcdrs gSaA U;k; fcdrk gSA mls ^dkSjo lHkk* u dgk tk;s rks vkSj D;k dgk tk;sA

iawthokn @ uO; iwathokn vijkf/k;ksa ds mRiknu] iqu#Riknu esa cgqr cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA og csjkst+xkj dh tekr iSnk djrk gSA xjhch @ Hkw[kejh @ 'kks"k.k @ vekuoh;rk @ ijk;hdj.k us ns'k esa vijk/k ra= dk tedj QSyko fd;k gSA vijk/kh dkSu iSnk djrk gS\ dkSu lh fLFkfr;ka gksrh gSa tks gessa euq"; dks vijk/kh cukrs gSa\ xjhch] vkfFkZdrk] 'kks"k.k] vkfFkZd lkekftd fo"kerk,a] etcwfj;ka O;fDr dks vijk/k ra= esa /kdsyrh gSaA fe=lsu ehu ^jkejkT;* esa bu iz'uksa dks mBkrs gSa rFkk mudk Li"V ekuuk gS fd ;g lc iwathokn @ uO; iawthokn dh larkusa gSaA tSls tSls iwath dk vlkeurkiw.kZ fodkl izlkj gksxk] vijk/k ra= QSysxkA dksVZ dpgfj;ksa esa HkhM+ c<+sxhA iqfyl foHkkxksa @ odhyksa @ ttksa dh pkanh gksxhA /ku dh vikj o"kkZ gksxhA xjhc bl ra= esa ne rksM+ nsxkA og bl iwathoknh egaxsa dkuwu dk lgkjk ugha ys ldsxkA mldk jkLrk vrar% tsy dks gh tkrk gS vkSj tsy ls NwV dj dSnh lkekU; euq"; ugha] [krjukd vijk/kh cu dj gh fudyrk gSA ys[kd us ckj ckj iwathoknh U;k; iz.kkyh] jktuSfrd Hkz"Vkpkj] [kks[kys yksdra=] tu fojks/kh dkuwu] dkuwu dh /kkjkvksa] r¶rh'k izfØ;k vkSj U;k;/kh'kksa ds fu.kZ;ksa dks iz'ukafdr fd;k gSA bl ns'k dh U;k; O;oLFkk ij iz'u fpUg yxk, gSaA U;k;/kh'kksa ds fu.kZ;ksa dks iz'ukafdr fd;k gSA LVsV C;wjksØslh] jktlÙkk ds [kkSQukd :iksa dks csudkc fd;k gSA dkuwu ij fdl dk dCt+k gS\ dkuwu dh O;k[;k,a fdlds fgrksa gh iwfrZ djrh gSa\ ckj ckj ys[kd ;gh iz'u mBkrk gS fd bl ns'k dk tks dkuwu gS og fdu dh fgQkt+r dj jgk gS\ vaxzst+ksa us tks dkuwu O;oLFkk] U;k; O;oLFkk] n.M O;oLFkk [kM+h dh Fkh mldk mís'; vkSj FkkA og mifuos'kksa dks fu;a=.k] vuq'kklu esa j[kus ds fy, cuk, x, dkys tu fojks/kh dkuwu Fks tks ewyar% 'kkld oxZ ds vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd fgrksa dh iwfrZ djus okys fu;e dkuwu FksA Hkkjrh;ksa dks fu;af=r djus ds fy,] mudk neu] mRihM+u djus ds fy,] mu ij viuk opZLo] izHkqRo LFkkfir djus ds fy,] mUgsa vuq'kkflr] fu;af=r djus ds fy, ,slh dkuwu dh Hk;kud vthcksxjhc mifuos'koknh /kkjk,a cukbZ xbZ Fkh rkafd vaxzst+ksa dk iw.kZ opZLo] izHkqRo dk;e jg ldsA mudh lqj{kk esa dksbZ [krjk u igaqpsA dksbZ Hkh mifuos'k muds f[kykQ fonzksg u dj ldsA vaxzst+ksa us pwafd vkSifuos'khdj.k dh izfØ;k dks etcwr djuk Fkk rFkk ml vkSifuos'khd`r dh ljkguk djrs ugha Fkdrs fd og fdruk vPNk dkuwu FkkA ,sls lkspus okys vkSifuos'khd`r fnekx 'kk;n ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd og dkuwu] dkuwu dh /kkjk,a fdruh [krjukd Fkha! tu fojks/kh FkhA vekuoh; FkhaA mifuos'kksa dks ;fn ,sls dkuwu Hkh ;fn cf<+;k gh yxsa rks blesa D;k vk'p;Z! vkt Hkh yksx vaxszt+h dkuwu O;oLFkk dks vkn'kZ ekurs gSaA fitjsa esa jgus okyksa ds fy, [kqyk vkdk'k [krjukd gksrk gSA ogka mM+uk iM+rk gSA foijhr fLFkfr;ksa] xeZ lnZ gokvksa dks >syuk iM+rk gSA blfy, vkSifuos'khd`r fnyksfnekxksa dks vkSifuosf'kd dkuwu O;oLFkk u Hkk;s rks blesa D;k vk'p;ZA

fe=lsu ehr jkejkT; esa bu iz'uksa ls tw>rs fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSa fd D;k vkt geaas vqdkuk] cka/kukA vkKkdkj nsg dk tks ekWMy vaxzst+ksa us [kM+k fd;k Fkk] vkt+knh ds ckn ogha vkKkdkj nsg dk ekWMy Hkkjrh; izHkqRo oxZ dk ewy ea= cukA yksx xqykeh eas jguk] fu;af=r] vuqdwfyr] vuq'kkflr gksuk lh[k pqds FksA vkSifuos'khdj.k dh izfØ;k jDr esa izokfgr FkhA fnyksfnekx vkSifuos'khd`r Fkk Hkkjrh; izHkqRo oxZ ds fy, blls csgrj pht+ Hkyk vkSj D;k gks ldrh Fkh ftls vkxs c<+kuk FkkA ykxw rks og igys ls gh FkhA nks lkS o"kksZa lsA yksdra= dh vkM+ esa cgqr gh xqIr

jkejkT; 'kkld oxZ dh mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd ekufldrk dks le>us okyk ,d l'kDr egkdkO;kRed xzaFk gS ftlesa mRihfM+rksa] dSfn;ksa dh xqykeh dk 'kkL= gh ugha] mudh eqfDr xkFkk Hkh fy[kh gSA dSfn;ksa ds izfr bruh xgjh ekuoh;rkiw.kZ laosnu'khyrk vDlj de gh ns[kus dks feyrh gSA mUgsa vijk/kh] gR;kjs] fgald] pksj] MdSr yBSr] Øwj] vekuoh; dgdj mudk lkekftd cfg"dkj fd;k tkrk gS fd budh bl vkn'kZ] Hknz lekt esa dksbZ txg ugha gksuh pkfg,A mUgas tsyksa esa can j[kuk pkfg, vkSj muds izfr iwjh dBksjrk djuh pkfg,A 'kkld oxZ dh Hkh ;gh fopkj/kkjk gS] D;ksafd mls vuq'kkflr] vuqdwfyr] fu;af=r] e;kZfnr yksx gh ilan gSaA lqlH; vfHktkr dqyhu oxZ dks ,sls yksx [krjukd yxrs gSaA ys[kd ds vuqlkj lPpkbZ blds foijhr gS] D;ksafd vijk/kh iSnk ugha gksrs] lekt dh vkfFkZd] lkekftd] jktuSfrd fLFkfr;ka mUgas vijk/k ra= esa /kdsyrh gSaA vkfFkZd etcwfj;ksa ds pyrs gh ;s yksx vijk/kksa dh nqfu;ka ls tqM+ tkrs gSaA gesa mu tM+ksa dh ryk'k djuh pkfg, fd O;fDr vijk/kh curk dSls gS\ dkSu lh ,slh 'kfDr;ka gSa tks euq"; dks vijk/kh cukrh gSa rFkk mUgsa xSjdkuwuh dkeksa esa /kdsyrh gSa\ ogka vlyh vijk/kh lÙkk gSA lÙkk dh uhfr;ka gSA lekt dh vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lkaLd`frd fo"kerk,a gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vf/kdrj vijkf/k;ksa dSfn;ksa dh i`"BHkwfe fuEu oxksZa ls gksrh gSA vc rks e/; oxZ Hkh vijk/kh gS r¶rh'k esa MkDVj lkgc] iqfyl dehZ] vf/kdkjh] ckcw] odhy] U;k;/kh'k lHkh ds lHkh ^dkuwu dh Hkk"kk cksyrs gq, vijkf/k;ksa ds la;qDr ifjokj gS*A ¼/kwfey½ fuEu oxZ ekewyh vijk/k djrk gS rks cM+s mPp vf/kdkjh] jktusrk djksM+ksa vjcksa ds ?kksVkys djrs gSaA dkuwu mudk gSA fQj Mj dkgs dk! fdlls Mj! lÙkk viuh gSA iqfyl ra= viuk gSA vf/kdkjh fcdkÅ gSaA U;k; O;oLFkk >wBh r¶rh'k ij fVdh gSA tc r¶rh'k dh cqfu;kn dh xyr gS] nks"kiw.kZ] vU;k;iw.kZ] HksnHkkoiw.kZ gS rks U;k; lkQ lqFkjk dSls gks ldrk gSA

^jkejkT;* esa ys[kd us ,sls vla[; iz'u mBk;s gS ftuds mÙkj ikBdksa dks vHkh [kkstus gSaA d`fr;ka gels iz'u iwNrh gSa] gekjs lkeus iz'uksa dh ckSNkjsa djrh gSaA lÙkk foe'kksZa dks lkeus ykrh gSaA ys[kd dkuwu] U;k; vkSj lq/kkj O;oLFkk ij cgqr cM+s iz'u mBkrk gS fd gekjk dkuwu fdruk yksdrkaf=d gS\ gekjk U;k;] n.M fo/kku vkt Hkh mÙkj vkSifuosf'kd D;ksa gS\ mÙkj mifuos'kokn dh bruh xgjh tM+sa D;ksa gSa\ ys[kd lÙkk ds ohHkRl psgjksa dks lkeus ykrk gSA mUgas ijr nj ijr [kksyrk gSA lekt 'kkL=] bfrgkl] jktuhfr'kkL=] ekuo'kkL= dh lw{e xgjh le> ds lkFk ys[kd mu tM+ksa rd igqaprk gS vkSj vrar% blds fy, lÙkk dks gh ftEesnkj Bgjkrk gSA mu iawthoknh lÙkk ds cQknkj] pkVqdkj] fcdkÅ] vkRekghu] jh<+ghu] laosnughu yksxksa dh ml tekr dks Hkh lkeus ykrk gS tks lÙkk laLFkkuksa ds 'kh"kZ ij dkfct gSa vkSj vU;k;iw.kZ lÙkk dks cuk, j[kus esa viuh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA ,d iwjk dk iwjk Hkz"V] laosnughu e/; oxZ ftlus ifjorZu vFkok tu Økafr dh laHkkoukvksa dks u"V fd;k gSA blds ckotwn ys[kd dh ifjorZudkeh lksp dk vuqeku bl ckr ls yxk;k tk ldrk gS fd r¶rh'k] dVSgjk] lq/kkj?kj esa ,sls vusdksa pfj= gS tks ifjorZu dh fopkj/kkjk ls tqMs+ gq, gSaA og pkgs ljdkjh odhy xqjehr gks vFkok gkde] ckck] bu pfj=ksa ds ek/;e ls ys[kd us viuh oSdfYid le> /kkjk dks lkeus t:j j[kk gSA bls pkgs rks dksbZ ekDlZoknh ut+fj;k dgas ;k mÙkj vk/kqfud ifjizs{; ys[kd dk izksVSLV izfrjks/k mu lÙkk laLFkkuksa lsa yxkrkj jgk gSA

dkuwu vkSj vijk/k'kkL= ij ntZu fdrkcksa ds ckotwn lkfgfR;d ifjn`'; esa dkuwu dks le>us okyh rFkk dkuwu dh /kkjkvksa dks pqukSrh nsus okyh] mls cnyus okyh ;g ,d Økafrdkjh miU;kl d`fr gSA dkuwu] vijk/k 'kkL= dh O;k[;k djus okyh lSadM+ksa fdrkcsa gSa] ysfdu miU;kl ys[ku dh fn'kk esa dkuwu dh /kkjkvksa dks cnyus okyh] mls iz'ukafdr djus okyh pqukSrh nsus okyh ;g ,d cgqr gh ekSfyd ,oa Økafrdkjh jpuk gSA tgka rd bldh dykRedrk dk iz'u gS] ys[kd us lÙkk foe'kksZa dh jktuhfr dks mHkkjk gSA ;g ,d ,slh ^VSDlV* gS tks miU;kl dk ,d u;k 'kkL= jprh gSA miU;kl fo/kk esa bruk lkgfldrk iw.kZ ys[ku cgqr de ns[kus dks feyrk gSA bl la?k"kZ cks/k dk vHkko ge eglwl rks djrs gSa] ysfdu vius jpukRed la?k"kZ esa mls vfHkO;fDr nsus ls drjkrs gSaA ;g e/; oxhZ; [kks[kyh de+tksj ekufldrk gSA vf/kdka'k ys[kd bl e/; oxhZ; Hk; ls vkØkar gSA muds Hkhrj ,d Mj gSA [kkSQ gSA lÙkk foe'kksZa ls Mjus okyh dNqvk/kehZ izo`fÙk gSA ;g oxZ fdlh izdkj dk tksf[ke mBkus ls Mjrk gSA og vfHkO;fDr dh vkt+knh dh rks ckr iwjs tksj 'kksj ls djrk gS] ysfdu Lo;a dHkh vfHkO;fDr dh vkt+knh ds fy, la?k"kZ ugha djrkA og Hkze esa thus okyk vkRerq"V] vkReeqX/k vkRedsafnzr O;fDr gSA bl rjg dh jpukvksa dk Hkkjrh; lkfgR; vkSj Hkk"kkvksa esa vHkko bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd gekjs eè;oxhZ; ys[kd bu [kkSQukd lPpkb;ksa ls ?kcjkrs gSaA ;FkkFkZ ls cprs gSaA muesa bruh uSfrd rkdr] fgEer ugha gS fd os dkyh 'kfDr;ka dks muds okLrfod ukeksa ls igpku ,oa iqdkj ldsaA fe=lsu ehu us tks bruk cM+k lkgl fd;k gS] iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa] odhyksa] nykyksa] e/;LFkksa] U;k;/kh'kksa] iz'kkldksa] jktuhfrKksa dks vijk/k ds dV?kjs esa ykdj [kM+k fd;k gSA mudh Hkwfedk ij iz'u fpUg yxk, gSaA miU;kldkj us lÙkk laLFkkuksa dh Hkwfedk ij iz'u fpUg yxk, gSa tks euq"; dh nsg dk mifuos'khdj.k djrs gSaA gesa vuqdwfyr] fu;af=r djrs gSaA lq/kkj ?kj bldk lcls l'kDr :id] izrhd fpUg gS ftlds tfj, ys[kd us nsg ds foe'kksZa dks mBk;k gS fd tsyra= dSfn;ksa dks dSls foHkkftr djrk gS] mudk neu] mRihM+u djrk gS mudk Js.khdj.k foHkähdj.k] vekuoh;dj.k djrk gSA jke jkT; dks ;fn Qwdks ds mÙkj lajpukoknh ifjizs{; ls i<+k tk;s rks bldh tks ubZ i<+rsa curh gSa mUgsa lkeus ykuk Hkh csgn t:jh gSA dkuwufon laosnu'khy ys[kd gksus ds ukrs mUgksaus ftl izdkj r¶rh'k] dVSgjk] vkSj lq/kkj?kj dh miU;kl =;h jkejkT; fy[kk gS og lkfgR; txr~ esa ,d ubZ cgl dks lkeus yk,xkA bl VSDlV dh foy{k.krk] ekSfydrk ;gh gS fd blesa bl miU;kl esa vusdksa y?kq o`Ùkkar gS] vijk/k txr~ ls lEcfU/kr ?kVuk;sa gS vkSj dSfn;ksa dh ftanxh ds nq[k nnksZa ds vusdksa laosnu'khy izlax gSA Qwdks us uo bfrgklokn] mÙkj lajpukokn dh fn'kk esa tks lÙkk foe'kZ cuk, gSa] mudks iz'ukafdr fd;k gS] Bhd mlh izfØ;k esa fe=lsu ehr us Hkh jkejkT; esa bu foe'kksZa dks mBk;k gSA vHkh bl c`ºn miU;kl ij u, foe'kZ cuus gSaA ikBdoknh vkykspuk vkSj uo bfrgklokn] mÙkj lajpukokn us bu laHkkoukvksa dks cukuk gSA ;g lc gekjh ikB~dh; i<+rksa] le> ,oa idM+ ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd ge bl ikB ds lkFk dSls laokn jpkrs gSaA

iz'u ;gka ml dkuwu dh O;k[;k,a djus dk gh ugha gSA dkuwufonksa us tu fojks/kh dkuwu dh Hkjiwj O;k[;k,a dh gSaA vly loky bu vkSifuos'khd`r laLFkkuksa dks le>us vkSj cnyus dk gSA fe=lsu ehr dh ;g c`gn miU;kl =;h dkuwu O;oLFkk] U;k; O;oLFkk dk tks fØVhd] foe'kZ cukrh gS mlls gesa ys[kd ds O;kid ekuoh; ljksdkjksa] U;kf;d le>] izfrjks/kh psruk] fopkj/kkjk dk rks Hkjiwj vglkl gksrk gh gSA iwjs ds iwjs jkejkT; dh vkSiU;kfld izfØ;k ^izksVSLV ikB* esa pyrh gSA ;g ,d izksVSLV ikB gS vkSj bldh i<+rksa esa Hkh ikBd dh izfrjks/kh psruk dh t:jr gSA vkt+knh ds ckn Hkkjr esa izHkqRo oxZ dk tu fojks/kh] mifuos'koknh] mÙkj mifuos'koknh psgjk viuh reke fod`fr;ka] folaxfr;ka ds lkFk [kqydj izdV gqvkA vo#) fdLe dh iwathoknh fodkl izfØ;k us ;gka [krjukd [ksy [ksykA ftldk nq"ifj.kke ;g fudyk fd xjhc turk dk mRihM+u] ywVikV] Hkz"Vkpkj] csbZekuh] ijk;hdj.k] vkReijk;hdj.k] csxkusiu dh izo`fÙk;ka c<+h vkSj vijk/k ra= dk ?kuk tky QSy x;kA vijk/khdj.k dh ;g izfØ;k Åij ls uhps rd QSyhA yksdra= ds uke ij fgalk] ekjdkV] vkik/kkih] ywVikV us eè; oxZ dks Hkh u"V cuk fn;kA jkejkT; esa ys[kd us e/; oxZ] mPp e/; oxZ }kjk turk dh [kqyh ywVikV] 'kkld oxZ dh vlaosnu'khyrk] usr`Roghurk dks vekuoh;dj.k ds fy, iwjh rjg ls ftEesnkj Bgjk;k gSA og vlyh vijk/kh gSA e/; oxZ dks Hkh ys[kd us vijk/k ds dV?kjs esa ykdj [kM+k fd;k gS fd ;g vijkf/k;ksa dh lcls [krjukd tekr gS ftlus vius ns'k dh fuj{kj turk ds lkFk lcls cM+k /kks[kk fd;k gSA iqfyl] vf/kdkjh] ljdkjh MkDVj] odhy] U;k;/kh'k lHkh dks mlus vijk/k ds dV?kjs esa [kM+k djds mUgas eqt+fje esa :i esa mHkkjk gS fd vly nks"kh dkSu gS\ blds fy, og Økafr n'kZu dh Hkh ckr djrk gSA lkekftd ifjorZu esa ys[kd dh iwjh vkLFkk gSA og bl [kks[kys yksdra= ds pjejkrs a>ksM+rk gS] ml mrj vkSifuos'khd`r dkuwu O;oLFkk] U;k; O;oLFkk dks cnyus dh ekax djrk gSA lekt dh usr`Ro'khy] ifjorZudkeh 'kfDr;ksa vkSj fn'kkghu] laosnughu] usr`Roghu gks pqds yksxksa dks Hkh lkspus] fopkjus ds fy, laosfnr m}sfyr djrk gS fd blesa gekjh D;k Hkwfedk gS\ D;k gekjh Hkwfedk lekIr gks pqdh gS\ D;k ge laHkkoukghu] laosnughu] usr`Roghu fodYighu gks pqds gSa\ D;k geus viuh {kerk,a] laHkkouk,a] ÅtkZ,a [kks nh gSa\ bu ngdrs iz'uksa ds lkFk ;g d`fr gekjh psruk vkSj laonsuk ij ckj ckj nLrd nsrh gSA f>a>ksM+rh gSA QVdkjrh gS] ysfdu laosnukghu] vkRekghu] Hkkoukghu] fopkjghu] O;fDrRoghu yksxksa dks viuh fu;fr ij iqufoZpkj djus dh rkdr rks j[krh gh gSA bl va/ksjs nkSj esa ;gh bl d`fr dh rkdr gSA blesa bfrgkl dh uohu laHkkouk,a] ifjorZu dh laHkkouk,a] mRihfM+rksa dh eqfDr dh vkadk{kk,a rks ekSt+wn gSaA ftl d`fr esa mRihfM+rksa dh eqfDr dk ekuoh; LoIu ekSt+wn gks og fuf'pr gh bl [kkSQukd le; dh ,d csgn egRoiw.kZ jpuk gSA

इस जहाँ से उस जहाँ तक, सब शरीक-ए-जुर्म हैं

2010-05-16T19:42:00.000-07:00

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(साभार: साहित्य सिलसिला जन-मार्च 2010)

फ़ैक्ट तकनीक से लबालब है उपन्यास

2010-05-16T19:34:00.000-07:00

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(साभार: साहित्य सिलसिला जन-मार्च 2010)

उपनिवेशक स्तर समाप्त उपनिवेशक दौर दौड़ रहा है

2010-05-16T19:29:00.000-07:00

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(साभार: साहित्य सिलसिला जन-मार्च 2010)

शतरंजी चालों का सिम्बल

2010-05-16T19:21:00.000-07:00

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न्याय व्यवस्था का समराज्यवादी स्वरूप : डॉ विनोद शाही

2010-05-15T20:29:00.000-07:00

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